Using the perceptual experience laboratory (PEL) to simulate tourism environments for hedonic wellbeing
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Abstract Measuring the relationship between stress, mood and tourism in natural settings is problematic in terms of the ability to undertake detailed, systematic and accurate monitoring. This paper presents the results of a preliminary investigation into the use of an immersive simulated tourism environment to measure tourisms’ potential to alleviate physiological and psychological stress and enhance mood. The objectives of the study were to record and analyse participants’ heart-rate data before, during and after three experiences (workplace setting, TV-watching setting and simulated tourism setting) and to undertake completion of mood questionnaires before and after each of these three experiences, allowing comparative pre- and post-mood analysis. Qualitative data was also gathered from the participants about these three experiences, in particular the simulated tourism environment. The preliminary results demonstrate that PEL effectively creates a simulated tourism environment which can be used for measuring stress and mood as signifiers of hedonic wellbeing.
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Baldwin et al. (2021) pointed out that individuals exposed to the natural environment are more likely to experience emotional recovery and enhancement of positive emotions, thus enhancing their hedonic experience.
“Baldwin et al. (2021) pointed out that individuals exposed to the natural environment are more likely to experience emotional recovery and enhancement of positive emotions, thus enhancing their hedonic experience.”
From A study on the influence of rural tourism’s perceived destination restorative qualities on loyalty based on SOR model (2025) · cites this paper as Baldwin et al., 2021
The Discussion (page unavailable) reports improved mood, relaxation and more positive hedonic-wellbeing effects during a simulated beach experience than in the workplace. It does not establish that exposure to actual natural environments generally makes individuals more likely to experience emotional recovery and enhanced positive emotions; the authors describe their findings as exploratory and limited to one simulated setting. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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Zhu, N., Xu, H., Zhang, X., & Chen, L. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1529686 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Baldwin, J., Haven-Tang, C., Gill, S., Morgan, N., & Pritchard, A.
- Affiliations
- Cardiff Metropolitan University (GB)
- University of Surrey (GB)
- Leeds Beckett University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Haven-Tang, Claire
- Venue
- Information Technology & Tourism
- Published
- 2020-05-30
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 45-67
- ISSN
- 1098-3058 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-4294
- OpenAlex
- W3026267076
- Cited by
- 15
- References
- 67
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Locations
- Information Technology & Tourism (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Figshare (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Cardiff Metropolitan Research Repository (Cardiff Metropolitan University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Human-Computer Interaction › Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Urban Green Space and Health
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Recreation, Leisure, Wilderness Management
- Keywords
- immersive simulation, hedonic well-being, stress, mood, heart rate, physiological stress measurement, psychological stress, work environment, television viewing
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