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Cited by 120Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicalsToxic Organic Pollutants ImpactHealth, Environment, Cognitive Aging

Cumulative Chemical Exposures During Pregnancy and Early Development

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Mitro, Susanna D., Johnson, Tyiesha, Zota, Ami R.·2015·Current Environmental Health Reports
DOI 10.1007/s40572-015-0064-xPMC PMC4626367
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Abstract

Industrial and consumer product chemicals are widely used, leading to ubiquitous human exposure to the most common classes. Because these chemicals may affect developmental milestones, exposures in pregnant women and developing fetuses are of particular interest. In this review, we discuss the prevalence of chemical exposures in pregnant women, the chemical class-specific relationships between maternal and fetal exposures, and the major sources of exposures for six chemical classes of concern: phthalates, phenols, perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and organochlorine pesticides (OCs). Additionally, we describe the current efforts to characterize cumulative exposures to synthetic chemicals during pregnancy. We conclude by highlighting gaps in the literature and discussing possible applications of the findings to reduce the prevalence of cumulative exposures during pregnancy.

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  • Six classes of EDC have been shown to cross the placenta, confirming that the fetus is exposed at all stages of development.

    “Six classes of EDC have been shown to cross the placenta confirming that the fetus is exposed at all stages of development [109,196].”

    From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment (2022) · cites this paper as [196]

    The Phthalates, Phenols, Perfluorinated chemicals, Flame Retardants, PCBs, and Organochlorine pesticides sections (pages not provided) report placental transfer or fetal detection for chemicals in the six classes reviewed. But the Discussion says evidence for early- to mid-gestation exposure is limited and cord blood at birth may not reflect early gestation. The paper therefore does not confirm fetal exposure at all stages of development. (LLM, conf=0.88)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

  • Many observational studies have demonstrated the presence of EDC in maternal and fetal serum and urine, amniotic fluid, cord blood and breast milk.

    “Many observational studies have demonstrated the presence of EDC in maternal and fetal serum and urine, amniotic fluid, cord blood and breast milk [196,197,198].”

    From Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: An Evolutionary Adaptation to Lifestyle and the Environment (2022) · cites this paper as [196]

    The Phenols and Phthalates sections report detections in maternal urine and serum, cord blood or serum, amniotic fluid, and breast milk. They report metabolites in neonatal urine, however, not measurements in fetal urine as the citing sentence states. Page numbers are unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.86)

    Experimental — accuracy not yet measured

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Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Mitro, S. D., Johnson, T., & Zota, A. R.
Affiliations
George Washington University (US)
Corresponding author
Zota, Ami R.
ORCID
Venue
Current Environmental Health Reports
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2015-09-04
Volume
2
Issue
4
Pages
367-378
ISSN
2196-5412 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1007/s40572-015-0064-x
PMC
PMC4626367
OpenAlex
W1636381747
Cited by
120
References
9
Citations by year
2026: 5 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 16 · 2020: 16 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 7 · 2014: 1
FWCI
0.70
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
Locations
  • Current Environmental Health Reports (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R00ES019881)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Effects and risks of endocrine disrupting chemicals
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Health, Environment, Cognitive Aging
Keywords
pregnancy, prenatal exposure, fetal development, phthalates, phenols, perfluorinated compounds, flame retardants, polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, synthetic compounds, exposure sources, exposure reduction
MeSH terms
Child Development, Environmental Exposure, Environmental Monitoring, Environmental Pollutants, Female, Flame Retardants, Fluorocarbons, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Phenols, Organophosphates, Phthalic Acids, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Pregnancy

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