The DOI matches its Crossref record; 4 of the 4 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Biodegradation of Pharmaceutical Wastes in Treated Sewage Effluents by Bacillus subtilis 1556WTNC
Open accessOverview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Acinetobacter species can degrade antibiotics through enzymatic pathways, mitigating their ecological impact.
“Bacterial species such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Acinetobacter have demonstrated the ability to degrade antibiotics through enzymatic pathways, mitigating their ecological impact [14,179].”
From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
Section 3.1 reports β-lactamase production and cephalexin biodegradation by Bacillus and Pseudomonas isolates; the Discussion identifies β-lactamase as the enzyme involved. The Conclusions say this biodegradation could improve treated-effluent quality. Our copy does not identify Acinetobacter as a degrader or demonstrate a reduction in ecological impact. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredBacillus subtilis strains produce β-lactamases that degrade β-lactam antibiotics such as amoxicillin and cephalexin, achieving degradation rates up to 25% under optimal conditions.
“Bacillus subtilis strains, for example, produce β-lactamases that can degrade β-lactam antibiotics such as amoxicillin and cephalexin, achieving degradation rates of up to 25% under optimal conditions [14,15].”
From Harnessing bacterial consortia for effective bioremediation: targeted removal of heavy metals, hydrocarbons, and persistent pollutants (2025) · cites this paper as [14]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
The crisis in antibiotic resistance
Neu, H. C. (1992) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.257.5073.1064 · Cited by 2,834
Sampling the Antibiotic Resistome
D'Costa, V. M., McGrann, K. M., Hughes, D. W., & Wright, G. D. (2006) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1120800 · Cited by 1,594
Göbel, A., Thomsen, A., McArdell, C. S., Joss, A., & Giger, W. (2005) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es048550a · Cited by 760
Beneficial biofilm formation by industrial bacteria Bacillus subtilis and related species
Morikawa, M. (2006) · Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering · doi:10.1263/jbb.101.1 · Cited by 265
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 71
- Abdel-Monem MO, Al-ZubeiryAH A-GAA (2010) Biosorption of nickel by Pseudomonas cepacia 120S and Bacillus subtilis 117S. Water Sci Technol 61:2994–3007 · DOI
- Adam W, Lazarus M, Saha-Mollera C, Weichold O, Hoch U, Haring D, Schreier P (1999) Biotransformation with peroxidase. Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol 63:73–108 · DOI
- Akindele AA, Adewuyi IK, Adefioye OA, Adedokunm SA, Olaolu AO (2010) Antibiogram and beta-lactamase production of staphylococcus aureus isolates from different human clinical specimens in a tertiary health institution in Ile-life, Nigeria. American-Eurasian J Sci Res 5:230–233
- Al-Ahmad A, Daschner FD, Kummerer K (1999) Biodegradability of cefotiam, ciprofloxacin, meropenem, penicillin G, and sulfamethoxazole and inhibition of wastewater bacteria. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 37:158–163 · DOI
- Al-Bahry SN, Mahmoud IY, Al-Belushi KIA, Elshafie AE, Al-Harthy A, Bakheit CK (2009) Coastal sewage discharge and its impact on fish with reference to antibiotic resistant enteric bacteria and enteric pathogens as bio-indicators of pollution. Chemosphere 77(11):1534–1539 · DOI
- AL-Gheethi AAS, Norli I, Lalunga J, Azieda T, Efaq AN, Ab Kadir MO (2013) Susceptibility for antibiotics among faecal indicators and pathogenic bacteria in sewage treated effluents. Water Pract Technol 8(1):1–6 · DOI
- Al-Gheethi AAS, Norli I, Lalung J, Megat-Azlan A, Nur-Farehah ZA, Ab Kadir MO (2014) Biosorption of heavy metals and cephalexin from secondary effluents by tolerant bacteria. Clean Technol Environ Policy 16(1):137–148 · DOI
- Andreozzi R, Canterino M, Marotta R, Paxeus N (2005) Antibiotic removal from wastewaters: the ozonation of amoxicillin. J Hazard Mater 122(3):243–250 · DOI
- APHA (1999) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater, 21st edn. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC
- Banik RM, Prakash M (2004) Laundry detergent compatibility of alkaline protease from Bacillus cereus. Microbiol Res 159(2):135–140 · DOI
- Barros FFC, Simiqueli APR, de Andrade JC, Pastore GM (2013) Production of enzymes from agroindustrial wastes by biosurfactant-producing strains of Bacillus subtilis. Biotechnol Res Int 2013: 1–9 · DOI
- Batt AL, Kim S, Aga DS (2007) Comparison of the occurrence of antibiotics in four full-scale wastewater treatment plants with varying designs and operations. Chemosphere 68(3):428–435 · DOI · Paper page
- Bush LM, Calmon J, Johnson CC (1995) Newer penicillins and beta-lactamase inhibitors. Infect Dis Clinic North Am 9:653–686 · DOI
- Çelik E, Çalik P (2004) Bioprocess and oxygen transfer characteristics in beta-lactamase production by Bacillus species. Biotechnol Process 20(2):491–499 · DOI
- Cha JM, Yang S, Carlson KH (2006) Trace determination of β-lactam antibiotics in surface water and urban wastewater using liquid chromatography combined with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 1115(1–2):46–57
- Chandrasekaran R, Revathi K, Nisha S, Kirubakaran SA, Sathish-Narayanan S, Senthil-Nathan S (2012) Physiological effect of chitinase purified from Bacillus subtilisagainst the tobacco cutworm Spodopteralitura Fab. Pestic Biochem Physiol 104(1):65–71 · DOI
- Chang CT, Wang PM, Hung YF, Chung YC (2012) Purification and biochemical properties of a fibrinolytic enzyme from Bacillus subtilis-fermented red bean. Food Chem 133(4):1611–1617 · DOI
- Chen Y, Cao S, Chai Y, Clardy J, Kolter R, Guo JH, Losick R (2012) A Bacillus subtilis sensor kinase involved in triggering biofilm formation on the roots of tomato plants. Mol Microbiol 85(3):418–430 · DOI
- Cimarusti CM (1984) Dependence of beta-lactamase stability on substructures within beta-lactam antibiotics. J Med Chem 27:247–253 · DOI
- Cokgor EU, Arslan-Alaton I, Karahan O, Dogruel S, Orhon D (2004) Biodegradability improvement of penicillin formulation effluent by ozonation. Fresenius Environ Bull 13(10):1053–1056
- Dantas G, Sommer MO, Oluwasegun RD, Church GM (2008) Bacteria subsisting on antibiotics. Science 320:100–103 · DOI
- Deshpande AD, Baheti KG, Chatterjee NR (2004) Degradation of β-lactam antibiotics. Curr Sci 87:1684–1695
- Dimitrakopoulou D, Rethemiotaki I, Frontistis Z, Xekoukoulotakis NP, Venieri D, Mantzavinos D (2012) Degradation, mineralization and antibiotic inactivation of amoxicillin by UV-A/TiO2 photocatalysis. J Environ Manag 98:168–174 · DOI
- Dodd MC, Buffle MO, von Gunten U (2006) Oxidation of antibacterial molecules by aqueous ozone: moiety-specific reaction kinetics and application to ozone-based wastewater treatment. Environ Sci Technol 40(6):1969–1977 · DOI
- Doran JL, Leskiw BK, Aippersbach S, Jensen SE (1990) Isolation and characterization of a β-lactamase inhibitory protein from Streptomyces clavuligerus and cloning and analysis of the corresponding gene. J Bacteriol 172(9):4909–4918 · DOI
- Elmolla ES, Chaudhuri M (2009) Degradation of the antibiotics amoxicillin, ampicillin and cloxacillin in aqueous solution by the photo-Fenton process. J Hazard Mater 172(2–3):1476–1481 · DOI
- EPA US (2003) Control of pathogens and vector attraction in sewage sludge; 40 CFR Part 503. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Cincinnati, OH, 45268
- Frank A, Eborall W, Hyde R, Hart S, Turkenburg JP, Grogan G (2012) Mutational analysis of phenolic acid decarboxylase from Bacillus subtilis (BsPAD), which converts bio-derived phenolic acids to styrene derivatives. Catal Sci Technol 2(8):1568–1574 · DOI
- Garcia-Armisen T, Vercammen K, Passerat J, Triest D, Servais P, Cornelis P (2011) Antimicrobial resistance of heterotrophic bacteria in sewage-contaminated rivers. Water Res 45:788–796 · DOI
- Gerardi MH (2003) The microbiology of anaerobic digesters. John Wiley and Sons Inc., New Jersey, pp 91–118 · DOI
- Giger W, Alder AC, Golet EM, Kohler HPE, McArdell CS, Molnar E (2003) Occurrence and fate of antibiotics as trace contaminants in wastewaters, sewage sludges, and surface waters. Chimia 57(9):485–491 · DOI
- Gold HS, Moellering RC (1996) Antimicrobial-drug resistance. N Engl J Med 335(19):1445–1453 · DOI
- Guo W, Wang H, Shi Y, Zhang G (2010) Sonochemical degradation of the antibiotic cephalexin in aqueous solution. Water SA 36:651–654
- Heritage J, Evans EG, Killington RA (2003) Microbiology in action. Cambridge University Press, New York
- Karam J, Nicell JA (1997) Potential applications of enzymes in waste treatment. J Chem Technol Biotechnol 69:1–41 · DOI
- Karthikeyan KG, Meyer MT (2006) Occurrence of antibiotics in wastewater treatment facilities in Wisconsin, USA. Sci Environ 361(1–3):196–207
- Kaye KS, Engemann JJ, Fraimow HS, Abrutyn E (2004) Pathogens resistant to antimicrobial agents: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms, and clinical management. Infec Dis Clin North Am 18(4):467–511 · DOI
- Khalikova E, Susi P, Korpela T (2005) Microbial dextran-hydrolyzing enzymes: fundamentals and applications. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 69(2):306–325 · DOI
- Kindoli S, Lee HA, Kim JH (2012) Properties of Bac W42, a bacteriocin produced by Bacillus subtilis W42 isolated from Cheonggukjang. J Microbiol Biotechnol 22(8):1092–1100 · DOI
- Kummerer K (2003) Significance of antibiotics in the environment. J Antimicrob Chemother 52:5–7 · DOI
- Kummerer K, Al-Ahmad A, Mersch-Sundermann V (2000) Biodegradability of some antibiotics, elimination of the genotoxicity and affection of wastewater bacteria in a simple test. Chemosphere 40(7):701–710 · DOI
- Laroche E, Pawlak B, Berthe T, Skurnik D, Petit F (2009) Occurrence of antibiotic resistance and class 1, 2 and 3 integrons in E. coli isolated from a densely populated estuary (Seine, France). FEMS. Microbiol Ecol 68(1):118–130 · DOI
- Le-Minh N, Khan SJ, Drewes JE, Stuetz RM (2010) Fate of antibiotics during municipal water recycling treatment processes. Water Res 44:4295–4323 · DOI · Paper page
- Levy SB (1992) Active efflux mechanisms for antimicrobial resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 36(4):695–703 · DOI
- Li B, Zhang T (2010) Biodegradation and adsorption of antibiotics in the activated sludge process. J Environ Sci Technol 44:3468–3473 · DOI
- Liao W, Jiang J, Xu Y, Yi J, Chen T, Su X, Pan S, Wei X, Li Y (2010) Survey for β-lactamase among bacterial isolates from Guangzhou, China hospitals between, 2005–2006. J Antibiot 63(5):225–229 · DOI
- Lin AYC, Yu TH, Lateef SK (2009) Removal of pharmaceuticals in secondary wastewater treatment processes in Taiwan. J Hazard Mater 167(1–3):1163–1169 · DOI
- Livermore DM (1998) β-lactamase-mediated resistance and opportunities for its control. J Antimicrob Chemother 41(Supple D):25–41 · DOI
- Livermore DM, Brown DF (2001) Detection of β-lactamase mediated resistance. J Antimicrob Chemother 48:59–64 · DOI
- Mitchell SM, Ullman JL, Teel AL, Watts RJ (2013) pH and temperature effects on the hydrolysis of three β-lactam antibiotics: ampicillin, cefalotin and cefoxitin. Sci Total Environ 466–467:547–55
- Morse A, Jackson A (2004) Fate of amoxicillin in two water reclamation systems. Water Air Soil Pollut 157(1–4):117–132 · DOI
- Mugdha A, Usha M (2012) Enzymatic treatment of wastewater containing dyestuffs using different delivery systems. Sci Rev Chem Commun 2(1):31–40
- Nnenna FB, Lekiah P, Obemeata O (2011) Degradation of antibiotics by bacteria and fungi from the aquatic environment. J Toxicol Environ Health Sci 3(10):275–285
- O’callaghan CH, Sykes RB, Griffiths A, Thornton JE (1976) Cefuroxime, a new cephalosporin antibiotic: activity in vitro. J Antimicrob Chemother 9(3):511–519 · DOI
- Ogawara H (1975) Production and property of beta-Lactamases in Streptomyces. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 8(4):402–408 · DOI
- Patel KB, Kharadi GJ, Nimavat KS (2012) Synthesis and description of transition metal complexes and antimicrobial studies. J Chem Pharm Res 4(5):2422–2428
- Pauwels B, Verstraete W (2006) The treatment of hospital wastewater: an appraisal. J Water Health 4(4):405–416 · DOI
- Pehlivanoglu-Mantas EL, Elisabeth R, Hawley A, Deeb DL (2006) Formation of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) during chlorine disinfection of wastewater effluents prior to use in irrigation systems. Water Res 40:341–347 · DOI
- Phillips I, Shannon K (1993) Importance of beta-lactamase induction. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 12:19–26 · DOI
- Prado N, Ochoa J, Amrane A (2009) Biodegradation and biosorption of tetracycline and tylosin antibiotics in activated sludge system. Process Biochem 44(11):1302–1306 · DOI
- Rajbanshi A (2008) Study on heavy metal resistant bacteria in guheswori sewage treatment plant. Our Nature 6:52–57 · DOI
- Ranade YA, Dharmadhikari SM, Wadegaonkar PA (2013) Screening, production, purification and characterization of beta-lactamase from uropathogenic E. coli. Eur J Exp Biol 3(1):434–442
- Servais P, Passerat J (2009) Antimicrobial resistance of faecal bacteria in waters of the Seine river watershed (France). J Sci Environ 408(2):365–372
- Silva MF, Tiago I, Verıssimo A, Boaventura RAR, Nunes OC, Manaia CM (2006) Antibiotic resistance of enterococci and related bacteria in an urban wastewater treatment plant. FEMS Microbiol Ecol 55:322–329 · DOI
- Spongberg AL, Witter JD (2008) Pharmaceutical compounds in the wastewater process stream in Northwest Ohio. J Sci Environ 397:148–157
- Sutherland R, Rolinson GN (1964) Activity of ampicillin in vitro compared with other antibiotics. J Clin Pathol 17(4):461–465 · DOI
- Toloti A, Mehrdadi N (2001) Wastewater treatment from antibiotics plant (UASB Reactor). Int J Environ Res 5(1):241–246
- Toroglu S, Dincer S, Korkmaz H (2005) Antibiotic resistance in Gram- negative bacteria isolated from Aksu River in Turkey. Ann Microbiol 55(3):229–233
- Velickovic-Radovanovic R, Petrovic J, Kocic B (2009) Correlation between antibiotic consumption and bacterial resistance as quality indicator of proper use of these drugs in inpatients. Vojnosanit Pregl 66(4):307–312 · DOI
- Watkinson AJ, Murby EJ, Costanzo SD (2007) Removal of antibiotics in conventional and advanced wastewater treatment: implications for environmental discharge and wastewater recycling. Water Res 41(18):4164–4176 · DOI
- Wu C, Spongberg AL, Witter JD (2009) Sorption and biodegradation of selected antibiotics in biosolids. J Environ Sci Health A 44(5):454–461 · DOI
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Qattan, S. Y. A. (2025) · Environmental Sciences Europe · doi:10.1186/s12302-025-01103-y · Cited by 109
Metadata
- Authors
- Al-Gheethi, A. A. S., & Ismail, N.
- Affiliations
- Universiti Sains Malaysia (MY)
- Corresponding author
- Al-Gheethi, Adel A. S.
- Venue
- Environmental Processes
- Published
- 2014-09-23
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 459-481
- ISSN
- 2198-7491 (ISSN-L)
- 2198-7505
- OpenAlex
- W2048603179
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 4
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 1
- FWCI
- 4.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.springer.com/tdm (tdm)
- Locations
- Environmental Processes (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Microbiology (medical) › Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biotechnology › Enzyme Production and Characterization
- Keywords
- beta-lactam antibiotics, beta-lactamase, Bacillus subtilis, enzymatic degradation, pharmaceutical pollutants, treated sewage effluent, amoxicillin, ampicillin, cephalexin, cefuroxime, antibiotic removal, bioremediation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review