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Testing theories of gravity with planetary ephemerides
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Abstract We describe here how planetary ephemerides are built in the framework of General Relativity and how they can be used to test alternative theories. We focus on the definition of the reference frame (space and time) in which the planetary ephemeris is described, the equations of motion that govern the orbits of solar system bodies and electromagnetic waves. After a review on the existing planetary and lunar ephemerides, we summarize the results obtained considering full modifications of the ephemeris framework with direct comparisons with the observations of planetary systems, with a specific attention for the PPN formalism. We then discuss other formalisms such as Einstein-dilaton theories, the massless graviton and MOND. The paper finally concludes on some comments and recommendations regarding misinterpreted measurements of the advance of perihelia.
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“Otherwise, its signal, if real, may in principle be partially or totally removed, being absorbed in values of the solved-for parameters that are estimated in the data reduction procedure, thus resulting in overly optimistic tight constraints [35].”
From Has Kronos Devoured Planet Nine and Its Epigones? (2026) · cites this paper as [35]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fienga, A., & Minazzoli, O.
- Affiliations
- Observatoire de Paris (FR)
- Astrophysique Relativiste, Théories, Expériences, Métrologie, Instrumentation, Signaux (FR)
- Corresponding author
- Fienga, Agnès
- Venue
- Living Reviews in Relativity
- Published
- 2024-01-29
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1
- ISSN
- 1433-8351 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4391322514
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 212
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 15
- FWCI
- 8.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- diamond
- doi.org
- Locations
- Living Reviews in Relativity (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- HAL (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Relativity and Gravitational Theory
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
- Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Pulsars and Gravitational Waves Research
- Keywords
- planetary ephemerides, modified gravity, general relativity, perihelion precession, PPN formalism, lunar ephemeris, massless graviton, MOND, solar system tests of gravity, reference frames, equations of motion
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