A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis

Milgrom, M.

doi:10.1086/161130

Cited by 3,316Cosmology and Gravitation TheoriesGalaxies: Formation, Evolution, PhenomenaStellar, planetary, and galactic studies

A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis

Milgrom, M.·1983·The Astrophysical Journal

DOI 10.1086/161130

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Abstract

view Abstract Citations (2400) References (10) Co-Reads Similar Papers Volume Content Graphics Metrics Export Citation NASA/ADS A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis. Milgrom, M. Abstract The author considers the possibility that there is not, in fact, much hidden mass in galaxies and galaxy systems. If a certain modified version of the Newtonian dynamics is used to describe the motion of bodies in a gravitational field (of a galaxy, say), the observational results are reproduced with no need to assume hidden mass in appreciable quantities. Various characteristics of galaxies result with no further assumptions. The basis of the modification is the assumption that in the limit of small acceleration a very low a0, the acceleration of a particle at distance r from a mass M satisfies approximately a2/a0 ≈ MGr-2, where a0 is a constant of the dimensions of an acceleration. Publication: The Astrophysical Journal Pub Date: July 1983 DOI: 10.1086/161130 Bibcode: 1983ApJ...270..365M Keywords: Cosmology; Galactic Structure; Nonrelativistic Mechanics; Stellar Motions; Particle Acceleration; Solar System; Astrophysics full text sources ADS |

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In the deep-MOND regime, the asymptotic circular speed depends only on the total baryonic mass and a0, predicting a flat rotation curve independent of radius.
“the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation (BTFR): the asymptotic circular speed depends only on the total baryonic mass and a 0, predicting a flat RC independent of radius.”
From The rotation curve of the Milky Way: State of the art, the Keplerian decline debate, and implications for dark matter (2026) · cites this paper as Milgrom (1983)

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“More radical alternative solutions modified the spectrum at small scales (e.g.,[237]), or gravity (e.g., f (R) [238,239], f (T) theories – see [240–243], or the Modified Newton Dynamics – MOND, [244,245])2.”
MethodInfluential
A new look at the large-scale H I structure of the Large Magellanic Cloud
Staveley‐Smith, L., Kim, S., Calabretta, M. R., Haynes, R. F., & Kesteven, M. J. (2003) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06146.x · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Disformal invariance of second order scalar-tensor theories: Framing the Horndeski action
Bettoni, D., & Liberati, S. (2013) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.88.084020 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
“Moffat, Scalar-tensor-vector gravity theory, JCAP03(2006)004 [7] M.”
Dark matter as a geometric effect in f(R) gravity
Böhmer, C. G., Harko, T., & Lobo, F. S. N. (2008) · Astroparticle Physics · doi:10.1016/j.astropartphys.2008.04.003 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Mimetic Gravity: A Review of Recent Developments and Applications to Cosmology and Astrophysics
Sebastiani, L., Vagnozzi, S., & Myrzakulov, R. (2017) · Advances in High Energy Physics · doi:10.1155/2017/3156915 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
“The key idea is closely related to that ofMOND[550]: to introduce”
Background
Bimetric MOND gravity
Milgrom, M. (2009) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.80.123536 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Self-citation
Dark matter heats up in dwarf galaxies
Read, J. I., Walker, M. G., & Steger, P. (2018) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/sty3404 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
The Dark Matter Crisis: Falsification of the Current Standard Model of Cosmology
Kroupa, P. (2012) · Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia · doi:10.1071/as12005 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
“In both cases, effective gravity would be non-Newtonian and is described by Mordehai Milgrom’s formulation (Milgrom 1983a).”
Influential
Clusters of galaxies with modified Newtonian dynamics
Sanders, R. H. (2003) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1046/j.1365-8711.2003.06596.x · Cited by 244 · see citing works
New Relativistic Theory for Modified Newtonian Dynamics
Skordis, C., & Zlosnik, T. G. (2021) · Physical Review Letters · doi:10.1103/physrevlett.127.161302 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
Local-Group tests of dark-matter concordance cosmology
Kroupa, P., Famaey, B., de Boer, K. S., Dabringhausen, J., Pawlowski, M. S., Boily, C. M., Jerjen, H., Forbes, D. A., Hensler, G., & Metz, M. (2010) · Astronomy and Astrophysics · doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201014892 · Cited by 223 · see citing works
NGC 3741: the dark halo profile from the most extended rotation curve
Gentile, G., Salucci, P., Klein, U., & Granato, G. L. (2006) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2006.11283.x · Cited by 218 · see citing works
H I KINEMATICS AND DYNAMICS OF MESSIER 31
Chemin, L., Claude Carignan, A., & Foster, T. (2009) · The Astrophysical Journal · doi:10.1088/0004-637x/705/2/1395 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Cosmic distance-duality as a probe of exotic physics and acceleration
Bassett, B. A., & Kunz, M. (2004) · Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields · doi:10.1103/physrevd.69.101305 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
The MOG weak field approximation and observational test of galaxy rotation curves
Moffat, J. W., & Rahvar, S. (2013) · Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society · doi:10.1093/mnras/stt1670 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
“There are various approaches to modifying gravity, such as MOdified Newtonian Dynamics (MOND) or its relativistic version the so-called Tensor–Vector–Scalar (TeVeS) theory (Milgrom 1983; Bekenstein 2004).”
Method
Dark matter, dark energy, and alternate models: A review
Arun, K., Gudennavar, S. B., & Sivaram, C. (2017) · Advances in Space Research · doi:10.1016/j.asr.2017.03.043 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
“Perhaps critical acceleration is given as 00 cHa ª and it is related to cosmological constant by Lª 2 0 ca (Sivaram, 1994a, Milgrom, 1983a).”
BackgroundMethod

Authors: Milgrom, M.
Corresponding author: Milgrom, M.
Venue: The Astrophysical Journal
Publisher: American Astronomical Society
Published: 1983-07
Volume: 270
Pages: 365
ISSN: 0004-637X (ISSN-L)
1538-4357
DOI: 10.1086/161130
OpenAlex: W1990148897
Cited by: 3,316
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 147 · 2025: 181 · 2024: 191 · 2023: 187 · 2022: 155 · 2021: 200 · 2020: 191 · 2019: 165 · 2018: 189 · 2017: 149 · 2016: 146 · 2015: 138 · 2014: 135 · 2013: 122 · 2012: 122
FWCI: 6.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: The Astrophysical Journal (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Cosmology and Gravitation Theories
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Galaxies: Formation, Evolution, Phenomena
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Astronomy and Astrophysics › Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies
Keywords: MOND, dark matter, galaxy rotation curves, hidden mass, galaxy dynamics, modified gravity

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A modification of the Newtonian dynamics as a possible alternative to the hidden mass hypothesis

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