Child Sexual Abuse and the Internet—A Systematic Review
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In recent decades, OCSEA is becoming an increasingly prevalent and concerning issue owing to the escalating use of technological devices and access to the Internet.
“In recent decades, online child sexual exploitation and abuse (OCSEA) is becoming an increasingly prevalent and concerning issue owing to the escalating use of technological devices and access to the Internet [3,4].”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [3]
Abusers in the reviewed studies were mainly groomers, sexual predators, cyber-bullies, cyber-stalkers, and sextortionists.
“In addition, it was identified that abusers in the studies [3,13,19,27] were mainly groomers, sexual predators, cyber-bullies, cyber-stalkers, and sextortionists.”
From Online Child Sexual Exploitation and Abuse of Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Systematic Review (2024) · cites this paper as [3]
Cites
The Benefits and Challenges of Using Systematic Reviews in International Development Research
Mallett, R., Hagen-Zanker, J., Slater, R., & Duvendack, M. (2012) · Journal of Development Effectiveness · doi:10.1080/19439342.2012.711342 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Wolak, J., Finkelhor, D., Mitchell, K. J., & Ybarra, M. L. (2008) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.63.2.111 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Childhood Sexual Abuse: An Evidence Based Perspective
Fergusson, D. M., & Mullen, P. E. (1999) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452205540 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
child pornography and the internet: perpetuating a cycle of abuse
Quayle, E., & Taylor, M. (2002) · Deviant Behavior · doi:10.1080/01639620290086413 · Cited by 287 · see citing works
Child abuse and neglect by parents and other caregivers.
Runyan, D. K., Wattam, C., Ikeda, R. M., Hassan, F., & Ramiro, L. S. (2002) · Cited by 275 · see citing works
A review of online grooming: Characteristics and concerns
Whittle, H., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., Beech, A., & Collings, G. (2013) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2012.09.003 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
An epidemiological overview of child sexual abuse
Singh, M., Parsekar, S. S., & Nair, S. N. (2014) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/2249-4863.148139 · Cited by 231 · see citing works
Online Child Sexual Exploitation: Prevalence, Process, and Offender Characteristics
Kloess, J. A., Beech, A. R., & Harkins, L. (2014) · Trauma, Violence, & Abuse · doi:10.1177/1524838013511543 · Cited by 182 · see citing works
Rape in the Criminal Justice System
Bryden, D. P., & Lengnick, S. (1997) · The Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology (1973-) · doi:10.2307/1144018 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Long-Term Consequences of Child Abuse and Neglect
Dumaret, A., & Tursz, A. (2006) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e624612007-001 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
The Internet and Family and Acquaintance Sexual Abuse
Mitchell, K. J., Finkelhor, D., & Wolak, J. (2004) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559504271917 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Mitchell, K. J., Jones, L. M., David Finkelhor, B., & Wolak, J. (2010) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/1079063210374347 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Kloess, J. A., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C. E., & Beech, A. R. (2019) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/1079063217720927 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Misuse of the Internet by Pedophiles: Implications for Law Enforcement and Probation Practice
Durkin, K. F. (2002) · Sage eBooks · doi:10.4135/9781452229454.n14 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Child pornography on the Internet
Wortley, R., & SMALLBONE, S. W. (2006) · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Victims’ Voices: The Impact of Online Grooming and Sexual Abuse
C. Whittle, H., Hamilton-Giachritsis, C., & R. Beech, A. (2013) · Universal Journal of Psychology · doi:10.13189/ujp.2013.010206 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Sexually assaulted children: national estimates and characteristics
Finkelhor, D., Hammer, H., & Sedlak, A. J. (2008) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e479612008-001 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Child Sexual Abuse: Demography, Impact, and Interventions
Olafson, E. (2011) · Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma · doi:10.1080/19361521.2011.545811 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Child Maltreatment and Risky Sexual Behavior
Thompson, R., Lewis, T. H., Neilson, E. C., English, D. J., Litrownik, A. J., Margolis, B., Proctor, L. J., & Dubowitz, H. (2016) · Child Maltreatment · doi:10.1177/1077559516674595 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Detecting child sexual abuse material: A comprehensive survey
Lee, H.-E., Ermakova, T., Ververis, V., & Fabian, B. (2020) · Forensic Science International: Digital Investigation · doi:10.1016/j.fsidi.2020.301022 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Combatting Against Covid-19 & Misinformation: A Systematic Review
Ali, S. (2020) · Human Arenas · doi:10.1007/s42087-020-00139-1 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Self-citationPrevention, disruption and deterrence of online child sexual exploitation and abuse
Quayle, E. (2020) · ERA Forum · doi:10.1007/s12027-020-00625-7 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Sextortion: Cybersecurity, teenagers, and remote sexual assault 1
Wittes, B., Poplin, C., Jurecic, Q., & Spera, C. (2016) · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Internet Child Abuse: Current Research and Policy
(2010) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203847435 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Online grooming:moves and strategies
Carmody, E., & Grant, T. D. (2017) · Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University) · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Leary, M. G. (2008) · Scholarship at Catholic Law (Catholic University of America) · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The Long-Term Effects of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Counseling Implications
Hall, M., & Hall, J. M. H. (2011) · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Risk factors for being a victim of online grooming in adolescents
Schoeps, K., Montoya-Castilla, I., Garaigordobil, M., & Peris Hernández, M. (2020) · Psicothema · doi:10.7334/psicothema2019.179 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
The impacts of child sexual abuse: a rapid evidence assessment
Fisher, C., Goldsmith, A., Hurcombe, R., et al. (2017) · University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire) · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Language and Law=Linguagem e Direito
la Comunicación, C. D. L. A. A. (2017) · Círculo de lingüística aplicada a la comunicación · doi:10.5209/clac.56330 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Online child sexual exploitation and abuse: A community diagnosis using the social norms theory
Ramiro, L. S., Martinez, A. B., Tan, J. R. D., Mariano, K., Miranda, G. M. J., & Bautista, G. (2019) · Child Abuse & Neglect · doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104080 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Measurement and analysis of child pornography trafficking on P2P networks
Hurley, R., Prusty, S., Soroush, H., Walls, R. J., Albrecht, J. R., Cecchet, E., Levine, B. N., Liberatore, M., Lynn, B., & Wolak, J. (2013) · International World Wide Web Conference (WWW) · doi:10.1145/2488388.2488444 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Quayle, E. (2016) · London School of Economics and Political Science Research Online (London School of Economics and Political Science) · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Logistic models for classifying online grooming conversation
Pranoto, H., Gunawan, F. E., & Soewito, B. (2015) · Procedia Computer Science · doi:10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.536 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Sexual Extortion Of Children In Cyberspace
Açar, K. V. (2016) · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) · doi:10.5281/zenodo.163398 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Barber, C. S., & Bettez, S. C. (2014) · Journal of the Association for Information Systems · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Action to end child sexual abuse and exploitation: a review of the evidence
Radford, L., Allnock, D. S., Hynes, P., et al. (2020) · University of Bedfordshire Repository (University of Bedfordshire) · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Online child sexual abuse by female offenders: an exploratory study
Martellozzo, E., Nehring, D., & Taylor, H. C. (2010) · Middlesex University Research Repository (Middlesex University Of London) · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Criminalising fabricated images of child pornography: a matter of harm or morality?
Ost, S. (2010) · Legal Studies · doi:10.1111/j.1748-121x.2010.00161.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Trends in Online Child sexual abuse material
(2019) · Human Rights Documents online · doi:10.1163/2210-7975_hrd-9926-20180017 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Learning Lessons from Men Who Have Sexually Abused Children
Colton, M., Roberts, S., & Vanstone, M. (2011) · The Howard Journal of Criminal Justice · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2311.2011.00682.x · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Child Pornography: Patterns From NIBRS
Finkelhor, D., & Ormrod, R. K. (2004) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e400322005-001 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Child Pornography on the Internet
Khan, K. S. (2000) · The Police Journal Theory Practice and Principles · doi:10.1177/0032258x0007300103 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Caring for kids: What parents need to know about sexual abuse
(2009) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e562912009-001 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Nikolovska, M. (2020) · Jyväskylä University Digital Archive (University of Jyväskylä) · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Internet Crimes Against Children: An Annotated Bibliography of Major Studies
Lewis, M., Miller, P. D., & Buchalter, A. R. (2009) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e513492010-001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
SHORT-TERM PSYCHOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF CHILD SEXUAL ABUSE
Pereda, N. (2009) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Herford, M. E. M. (1963) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5323.126-c · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Atabekova, A. A., & Filippov, V. M. (2018) · EUROPEAN RESEARCH STUDIES JOURNAL · doi:10.35808/ersj/1244 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Dwyer, R. G., Seto, M. C., DeHART, D. D., et al. (2016) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tackling online child sexual abuse in the Philippines
Merten, M. (2020) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31901-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Romans, S. E., Douglass, H. M., & Martin, J. (1995) · Current Opinion in Pediatrics · doi:10.1097/00008480-199508000-00011 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Pornografía infantil online: una revisión literaria de enfoque cultural
Lovelle, M. I., Baldó, M. Y. I., Romeo, M., et al. (2017) · Acción Psicológica · doi:10.5944/ap.14.2.20766 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Digital Child Pornography: Reflections on the Need for a Critical IS Research Agenda
Eneman, M. (2007) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-0-387-37876-3_9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Online Child Sexual Exploitation: Towards an Optimal International ResponsePreprint
Baines, V. (2018) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3240998 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
(2003) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(03)00744-3 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Online grooming detection: A comprehensive survey of child exploitation in chat logs
Borj, P. R., Raja, K., & Bours, P. (2023) · Knowledge-Based Systems · doi:10.1016/j.knosys.2022.110039 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Álvarez-Guerrero, G., Fry, D., Lu, M., & Gaitis, K. K. (2024) · Disabilities · doi:10.3390/disabilities4020017 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
“In addition, it was identified that abusers in the studies [3,13,19,27] were mainly groomers, sexual predators, cyber-bullies, cyber-stalkers, and sextortionists.”
BackgroundOnline child sexual abuse: A convergent parallel mixed-method exploration among Bangladeshi youth
Salwa, M., Islam, M. R., Towhid, M. I. I., Tasnim, A., Maruf Haque Khan, M., & Haque, M. A. (2025) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2024-091042 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Gaitis, K. K., Vermeulen, I., Stevenson, J. G., & Fry, D. (2025) · International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice · doi:10.1016/j.ijlcj.2025.100786 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ali, S., Haykal, H. A., & Youssef, E. Y. M.
- Affiliations
- Allama Iqbal Open University (PK)
- Saint Joseph University (LB)
- Ain Shams University (EG)
- Corresponding author
- Ali, Sana
- Venue
- Human Arenas
- Published
- 2021-06-04
- Volume
- 6
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 404-421
- ISSN
- 2522-5790 (ISSN-L)
- 2522-5804
- OpenAlex
- W3172243131
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 56
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 5
- FWCI
- 1.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Human Arenas (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Information Systems › Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies
- Social Sciences › Law › Legal and Social Justice Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child Abuse and Trauma
- Keywords
- child sexual abuse, online child sexual abuse, child pornography, online predators, digital platforms, child sexual exploitation, children's rights, developing countries
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review