Designing robots that do no harm: understanding the challenges of Ethics for Robots
Open accessAbstract
This article describes key challenges in creating an ethics "for" robots. Robot ethics is not only a matter of the effects caused by robotic systems or the uses to which they may be put, but also the ethical rules and principles that these systems ought to follow-what we call "Ethics for Robots." We suggest that the Principle of Nonmaleficence, or "do no harm," is one of the basic elements of an ethics for robots-especially robots that will be used in a healthcare setting. We argue, however, that the implementation of even this basic principle will raise significant challenges for robot designers. In addition to technical challenges, such as ensuring that robots are able to detect salient harms and dangers in the environment, designers will need to determine an appropriate sphere of responsibility for robots and to specify which of various types of harms must be avoided or prevented. These challenges are amplified by the fact that the robots we are currently able to design possess a form of semi-autonomy that differs from other more familiar semi-autonomous agents such as animals or young children. In short, robot designers must identify and overcome the key challenges of an ethics for robots before they may ethically utilize robots in practice.
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Restoring significant human oversight necessitates systems that maintain interpretability and uphold supervisory control structures.
“From an ethical design perspective, existing research highlights that restoring significant human oversight necessitates systems that maintain interpretability and uphold supervisory control structures.”
From Ethical issues in multi-agent AI systems for healthcare: a narrative review (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
In “The challenges of nonmaleficence” (page unavailable), the paper calls for robots to explain decisions in ways humans can understand and to hand some decisions to a human partner. Those passages support interpretability and a role for human decision-making, but do not establish that restoring significant human oversight requires supervisory control structures. (LLM, conf=0.83)
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- Authors
- Hutler, B., Rieder, T. N., Mathews, D. J. H., Handelman, D. A., & Greenberg, A. M.
- Affiliations
- Temple University (US)
- Johns Hopkins University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hutler, Brian
- Venue
- AI and Ethics
- Published
- 2023-04-17
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 463-471
- ISSN
- 2730-5953 (ISSN-L)
- 2730-5961
- PMC
- PMC10108783
- OpenAlex
- W4366085587
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 4
- FWCI
- 3.99
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- AI and Ethics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Johns Hopkins University
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Safety Research › Ethics and Social Impacts of AI
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Social Robot Interaction and HRI
- Social Sciences › Political Science and International Relations › Literary and Philosophical Studies
- Keywords
- robot ethics, non-maleficence, healthcare robots, robot design, harm detection, semi-autonomous agents
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