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Valorization of industrial byproducts in concrete: synergistic effects of sewage sludge ash and silica fume with recycled plastic fine aggregates

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Oluwole, Babatunde Olufunso, Damdelen, Ömer, Olabimtan, Stephen Babajide·2025·Discover Concrete and Cement
DOI 10.1007/s44416-025-00039-z
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Abstract

Abstract Plastics are inexpensive, lightweight, adaptable, and easily available. The manufacture of plastic has increased dramatically over the past 50 years, and its use has become an essential part of our daily life. Consequently, the production of plastic-related waste is rising, which threatens the ecosystem. Sewage sludge ash (SSA) is an inevitable waste product of wastewater treatment, and it poses a serious danger of contamination due to its high concentration of heavy metals. Various strategies are put forth globally to dispose of SSA in a sustainable and safe manner. One such method is using SSA, together with other industrial by products, to substitute cement in the creation of cementitious composites. This study explores the use of recycled plastic, sewage sludge ash, and silica fume as cement and fine aggregate substitutes. Using these materials, the study assesses the mechanical properties, workability, durability and environmental assessment of concrete, highlighting their sustainability and potential to reduce waste in the construction sector. A total of eight mixes were prepared, incorporating varying proportions of sewage sludge ash (SSA) and silica fume (SF) as partial replacements for cement, along with recycled plastic as a substitute for fine aggregate in concrete. The control mix demonstrated the best slump value among all mixes. However, mix 3 (containing 10% SF and 5% SSA) achieved the highest compressive and splitting tensile strength with an 18% and 6% increase in strength compared to the control mix after 28 days curing period. Additionally, mix 3 showed superior performance in water absorption and acid resistance tests. The environmental effect, embodied energy, and CO2 emissions are reduced when SF, SSA, and RP are added to the concrete as an aggregate and binder.

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Metadata

Authors
Oluwole, B. O., Damdelen, Ö., & Olabimtan, S. B.
Affiliations
Cyprus International University (CY)
Corresponding author
  • Oluwole, Babatunde Olufunso
  • Damdelen, Ömer
  • Olabimtan, Stephen Babajide
ORCID
Venue
Discover Concrete and Cement
Publisher
Springer Science and Business Media LLC
Published
2025-12-29
Volume
1
Issue
1
ISSN
3059-2674 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1007/s44416-025-00039-z
OpenAlex
W7117470404
Cited by
3
References
1
Citations by year
2026: 3
FWCI
1.08
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Discover Concrete and Cement (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • Research Square (acceptedVersion, cc-by)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Recycled Aggregate Concrete Performance
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Materials Engineering and Processing
  • Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
Keywords
sewage sludge ash, silica fume, partial fine aggregate replacement, cement replacement, industrial by-product valorization, lightweight concrete, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, water absorption, acid attack resistance, embodied emissions, plastic waste, wastewater treatment residuals

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