Conversion of atrial flutter in pediatric patients by transesophageal atrial pacing: a safe, effective, minimally invasive procedure
Abstract
Atrial reentry tachycardia, often termed atrial flutter, is an arrhythmia that is uncommon in the general pediatric population but is seen frequently in patients with congenital heart disease. One goal in treating the arrhythmia is to terminate it, returning the atrium to its underlying rhythm. This report describes the use of transesophageal atrial pacing to attempt termination of atrial reentry in 102 pediatric patients (158 episodes). The patients ranged in age from 1 hour to 41.5 years. Conversion was successful for 112 (71%) of 158 episodes. Six of the 112 episodes required an infusion of procainamide after initial attempts at pacing led to atrial fibrillation. There were no significant differences between the ages of patients or the duration of the tachycardia in comparing successful versus unsuccessful conversions. In contrast, the atrial cycle lengths for the successfully converted tachycardias were significantly greater than for unsuccessful attempts. Transesophageal atrial pacing is a safe and effective means of terminating atrial flutter in the pediatric population. It is minimally invasive, it can often be performed in an outpatient setting, and the technique may occasionally be facilitated by infusion of intravenous procainamide.
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Atrial pacing at rates above the flutter rate via a transvenous catheter can terminate atrial flutter in a large proportion of cases.
“Alternatively, AFL interruption can be achieved in a large percentage of cases by atrial pacing at rates above the AFL rate, through a transvenous catheter.”
From European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document on the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLAECE) (2017) · cites this paper as [147]
High-output stimulation can also be delivered through the oesophagus to terminate atrial flutter.
“Using high output stimulation this technique can also be applied through the oesophagus.145 -148”
From European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA) consensus document on the management of supraventricular arrhythmias, endorsed by Heart Rhythm Society (HRS), Asia-Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS), and Sociedad Latinoamericana de Estimulacion Cardiaca y Electrofisiologia (SOLAECE) (2017) · cites this paper as [147]
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Noworodek z trzepotaniem przedsionków
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- Authors
- Rhodes, L. A., Walsh, E. P., & Saul, J. P.
- Affiliations
- Boston Children's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Saul, J.Philip
- Venue
- American Heart Journal
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-08
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 323-327
- ISSN
- 0002-8703 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2078607240
- Cited by
- 66
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 6 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Heart Journal (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5k08hl002380-02)
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (KO8-HL02380-03)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Congenital Heart Disease Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiac pacing and defibrillation studies
- Keywords
- atrial flutter, transesophageal atrial pacing, pediatric patients, procainamide, atrial fibrillation, congenital heart disease, minimally invasive procedures, outpatient procedure
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Atrial Fibrillation, Atrial Flutter, Cardiac Pacing, Artificial, Child, Child, Preschool, Heart Atria, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Procainamide, Tachycardia
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