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A general cardiovascular risk profile: The Framingham study
Abstract
Persons at high risk of cardiovascular disease can be effectively identified from a measurement of their serum cholesterol and blood pressure, a smoking history, an electrocardiogram and a determination of glucose intolerance. One general function for identifying persons at high risk of cardiovascular disease is also effective in identifying persons at risk for each of the specific diseases, coronary heart disease, atherothrombotic brain infarction, hypertensive heart disease and intermittent claudication, even though the variables used have a different impact on each particular disease. The 10 percent of persons identified with use of this function as at highest risk accounted for about one fifth of the 8 year incidence of coronary heart disease and about one third of the 8 year incidence of atherothrombotic brain infarction, hypertensive heart disease and intermittent claudication. Hence the function provides an economic and efficient method of identifying persons at high cardiovascular risk who need preventive treatment and persons at low risk who need not be alarmed about one moderately elevated risk characteristic.
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In the citing paper
“The 10-year risk estimates used in the 1998 score provided a convenient way to classify individuals as low, intermediate, or high risk for future coronary heart disease.”
From The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective (2014) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“The best known risk profile is the Framingham Risk Score for coronary heart disease, published in 1998 by Wilson and colleagues.50 This function became the basis of the risk calculator adopted by the Adult Treatment Panel of the National Cholesterol Education Program in the United States.51”
From The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective (2014) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“Compared with previously published functions, the 1998 model substituted risk factor categories in the place of continuous values, which enabled clinicians to use lookup tables to obtain risk estimates.”
From The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective (2014) · cites this paper as [50]
In the citing paper
“Notably, the 1998 version of the Framingham Risk Score, adopted by the National Cholesterol Education Program, contained both total and HDL cholesterol.50”
From The Framingham Heart Study and the epidemiology of cardiovascular disease: a historical perspective (2014) · cites this paper as [50]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Kannel, W. B., McGee, D., & Gordon, T.
- Affiliations
- National Institutes of Health (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kannel, William B.
- Venue
- The American Journal of Cardiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1976-07
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 46-51
- ISSN
- 0002-9149 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2031564429
- Cited by
- 1,189
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 18 · 2025: 30 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 31 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 37 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 42 · 2016: 36 · 2015: 38 · 2014: 52 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 29
- FWCI
- 21.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The American Journal of Cardiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Health Promotion and Cardiovascular Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Cardiovascular Health and Risk Factors
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine › Lipoproteins and Cardiovascular Health
- Keywords
- cardiovascular risk profile, coronary artery disease, atherothrombotic brain infarction, hypertensive heart disease, intermittent claudication, serum cholesterol, blood pressure, smoking history, electrocardiogram, impaired glucose tolerance, risk function, disease incidence, prophylaxis
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Cardiovascular Diseases, Female, Cardiomegaly, Humans, Hypercholesterolemia, Hypertension, Life Style, Male, Massachusetts, Middle Aged, Obesity, Probability, Regression Analysis, Risk, Sex Factors, Smoking, Diabetes Complications
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