The DOI matches its Crossref record; 22 of the 22 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sedative and hypnotic effects of oral administration of micronized progesterone may be mediated through its metabolites
Abstract
Progesterone and its metabolites were measured in serum extracts by radioimmunoassay and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, respectively, after ingestion of micronized progesterone by eight postmenopausal women. One subject received 400 mg of micronized progesterone orally that induced a hypnotic state that lasted for approximately 2 hours. Blood samples were drawn periodically from all subjects for measurement of progesterone and its metabolites in serum. Levels of serum progesterone and its metabolites increased significantly from baseline values and reached a peak between 2 and 6 hours after oral progesterone administration. Significant quantities of five compounds (progesterone, 5 alpha-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one, 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one, 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha,20 beta-diol, and 5 beta-pregnan-3 alpha-ol-11,20-dione) that have been reported to possess anesthetic qualities were identified. The sedative and hypnotic effects of oral administration of progesterone may be mediated through those compounds.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“Progesterone produces its anxiolytic/hypnotic effects via allopregnanolone's binding to GABAA-receptors [96, 97]”
From Sleep, hormones, and circadian rhythms throughout the menstrual cycle in healthy women and women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (2010) · cites this paper as [96]
Citations
Cites
Steroid hormone metabolites are barbiturate-like modulators of the GABA receptor
Majewska, M. D., Harrison, N. L., Schwartz, R. D., Barker, J. L., & Paul, S. M. (1986) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.2422758 · Cited by 2,225
Harrison, N. L., Majewska, M., Harrington, J. W., & Barker, J. L. (1987) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-5347(25)00332-5 · Cited by 611
CORRELATIONS BETWEEN THE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE AND THE PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIONS OF THE STEROIDS1
Selye, H. (1942) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo-30-3-437 · Cited by 350
PROGESTERONE AND MAINTENANCE OF PREGNANCY: IS PROGESTERONE NATURE'S IMMUNOSUPPRESSANT?*
Siiteri, P. K., Febres, F., Clemens, L. E., Chang, R. J., Gondos, B., & Stites, D. P. (1977) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1977.tb29431.x · Cited by 346
Bardin, C. W., Milgröm, E., & MAUVAIS-JARVIS, P. (1983) · Raven Press eBooks · Cited by 197
Progesterone and the premenstrual syndrome: a double blind crossover trial.
Dennerstein, L., Spencer-Gardner, C., Gotts, G. H., Brown, J. B., Smith, M., & Burrows, G. D. (1985) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.290.6482.1617 · Cited by 192
Plasma levels of progesterone after vaginal, rectal, or intramuscular administration of progesterone
Nillius, S. J., & Johansson, E. D. B. (1971) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(71)90686-7 · Cited by 151
Percutaneous absorption of steroids
MAUVAIS-JARVIS, P., Vickers, C. F. H., & Wepierre, J. (1980) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 137
Jensen, J., Riis, B. J., Strøm, V., Nilas, L., & Christiansen, C. (1987) · American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology · doi:10.1016/0002-9378(87)90204-3 · Cited by 134
Bioavailability of oral micronized progesterone
Maxson, W. S., & Hargrove, J. T. (1985) · Fertility and Sterility · doi:10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48977-6 · Cited by 122
Self-citation
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–134 of 134
Vanover, K. E., Hogenkamp, D. J., Lan, N. C., Gee, K. W., & Carter, R. (2001) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s002130100695 · Cited by 10
Gazvani, R., Russell, R., Sajjad, Y., & Alfirević, Ž. (2012) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-13-118 · Cited by 9
Löfgren, M., & Bäckström, T. C. (1994) · Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica · doi:10.3109/00016349409023436 · Cited by 9
Şatir, F., Toptaş, T., İNEL, M., Akar, M. E., & Taşkın, Ö. (2013) · Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine · doi:10.3892/etm.2013.1049 · Cited by 8
Balasch, J., Fábregues, F., Ordï, J., Creus, M. T., Peñarrubia, J., Casamitjana, R., Manau, D., & Vanrell, J. A. (1996) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513599609023607 · Cited by 8
Schumacher, M., & Guennoun, R. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008088783-8.00046-2 · Cited by 7
Shantha, S., Jeanne Brooks-gunn, B., Locke, R. J., & Warren, M. P. (2001) · Journal of Women s Health & Gender-Based Medicine · doi:10.1089/152460901317193567 · Cited by 7
Runnebaum, B., Rabe, T., von Holst, T., & Wüster, C. C. (1994) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-662-07635-4_14 · Cited by 7
Kroft, J., Klostermann, N. R., Moody, J., Taerk, E., & Wolfman, W. (2010) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513590.2010.487602 · Cited by 6
Alexander, J. L., Burger, H., Dennerstein, L., Woods, N. F., Davis, S. R., Kotz, K. J., Winkle, J. V., Richardson, G., Ratka, A., & Kessel, B. (2007) · Expert Review of Neurotherapeutics · doi:10.1586/14737175.7.11s.s115 · Cited by 6
Fonttis, A. A., Napolitano, R., & Borda, C. (2004) · Reproductive BioMedicine Online · doi:10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61769-5 · Cited by 6
Kushner, S. A., & Guzé, B. H. (2005) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2005.02.005 · Cited by 6
Cycle dependent variations in transfer of 133xenon from vagina to uterus in rats
Zhao, J., & Einer‐Jensen, N. (1998) · Maturitas · doi:10.1016/s0378-5122(97)00082-0 · Cited by 5
Runnebaum, R., Rabe, T., von Holst, T., & Wüster, C. C. (1997) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-60390-7_14 · Cited by 4
Fluorometric labeling of tetrahydroprogesterones
Touchstone, J. C., & Fang, X. (1991) · Steroids · doi:10.1016/0039-128x(91)90024-p · Cited by 3
Delivery routes of progesterone in assisted reproduction
Zegers-Hochschild, F., Schwarze, J.-E., & Borrero, C. (2006) · Expert Review of Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.1586/17474108.1.2.173 · Cited by 3
Salehpour, S., Saharkhiz, N., Nazari, L., Sobhaneian, A., & Hosseini, S. (2021) · JBRA · doi:10.5935/1518-0557.20200090 · Cited by 3
Progesterone and progestin mimics
Ferrero, S. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-824315-2.01139-8 · Cited by 3
Pharmakokinetik und Pharmakodynamik der in der assistierten Reproduktion verwendeten Gestagene
Kühl, H., & Wiegratz, I. (2021) · Gynäkologische Endokrinologie · doi:10.1007/s10304-020-00372-5 · Cited by 2
Understanding Maternal Cognitive Changes: Associations between Hormones and Memory
Marrs, C., Ferarro, D. P., Cross, C. L., & McMurray, J. C. (2013) · Cited by 2
The neuropsychopharmacological potential of neurosteroids.
Rupprecht, R., Friess, E., & Holsboer, F. (1999) · Humana Press eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-59259-693-5_20 · Cited by 2
Administration of unmodified progesterone by nasal spray in fertile women
Cicinelli, E., NAHOUL, K., Sabatelli, S., Petruzzi, D., Lapenna, M., Scorcia, P., & Schonäuer, L. M. (1995) · Gynecological Endocrinology · doi:10.3109/09513599509160461 · Cited by 2
Groeger, J. A., & Hepsomali, P. (2026) · Climacteric · doi:10.1080/13697137.2026.2627567 · Cited by 1
Zhang, Z., Su, D., Zhu, P., Bi, X., Qi, G., & Wu, X. (2016) · Clinical and Experimental Obstetrics & Gynecology · doi:10.12891/ceog2088.2016 · Cited by 1
KOSTAKIS, C., Anagnostou, T., Savvas, I., VERVERIDIS, C., & KOURELIS, A. (2019) · Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society · doi:10.12681/jhvms.21798 · Cited by 1
Serum Progesterone Measurement in Diagnosis of Ectopic Pregnancy
Selvarajan, S., Ramalingam, J., & Bobby, Z. (2013) · Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10006-1732 · Cited by 1
Menopausal progesterone replacement and sleep quality
Regestein, Q. R. (2001) · Menopause The Journal of The North American Menopause Society · doi:10.1097/00042192-200101000-00002 · Cited by 1
NEUE 19-NORGESTAGENE IN DER HRT: DAS ENDE DER GESTAGENDISKUSSION?
Merkle, E. (2001) · Journal für Menopause · Cited by 1
Beeinflussen Gestagene die Psyche?
Kleinstein, J. (2002) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-59375-8_29
Progesterone intoxication inducing marked sedation in a cat
Dhumeaux, M., Snead, E. C. R., Hung, G. C., & Taylor, S. M. (2010) · Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.jfms.2010.05.008
Correcting misconceptions about compounding bioidentical hormones: a review of the literature.
Paoletti, J. (2007) · PubMed
Factors that influence the decision regarding hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women
Reilly, R. A. R. (1998) · University of New Hampshire Scholars Repository (University of New Hampshire at Manchester)
Tolerance and antagonism to allopregnanolone effects in the rat CNS
Türkmen, Ş. (2006) · DiVA at Umeå University (Umeå University)
Ströhle, A. (2005) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/3-540-28049-9_39
Metadata
- Authors
- Arafat, E. S., Hargrove, J. T., Maxson, W. S., Desiderio, D. M., Wentz, A. C., & Andersen, R. N.
- Affiliations
- Rust College (US)
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center (US)
- University of Tennessee Health Science Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Hargrove, Joel T.
- Venue
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1988-11
- Volume
- 159
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 1203-1209
- ISSN
- 0002-9378 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042977357
- Cited by
- 134
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.87
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (2s14rr002866-04)
- National Institute of General Medical Sciences (GM26666)
- National Center for Research Resources (5S14RR02866)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
- Keywords
- micronized progesterone, sedative effects, hypnotic effects, progesterone metabolites, postmenopausal women, oral administration, serum progesterone, 5alpha-pregnan-3alpha-ol-20-one, sleep induction
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Blood Chemical Analysis, Chromatography, Gas, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Female, Humans, Hypnotics and Sedatives, Middle Aged, Powders, Progesterone, Mass Spectrometry, Time Factors
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
