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Ontogeny of the vasopressinergic neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and their extrahypothalamic projections in the rat brain–presence of a sex difference in the lateral septum
Open accessAbstract
Immunocytochemical studies have revealed the presence of extensive vasopressinergic projections from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to the limbic system and other brain areas. Vibratome sections and the unlabeled antibody enzyme method were used to investigate the ontogeny of the vasopressinergic neurons of the suprachiasmatic nucleus and their exohypothalamic fibers in the rat brain. The first immunopositive neurons of this nucleus were revealed on the 2nd postnatal day. An adult appearance of the suprachiasmatic nucleus was detected on day 14. Although fibers appeared on the periventricular nucleus already on the 7th postnatal day, such fibers were visible in the lateral septum and lateral habenular nucleus only on day 10. From the 12th postnatal day onwards a marked sex difference developed with respect to the density of the vasopressin fibers in the lateral septum and, to a lesser extent, in the lateral habenular nucleus. In male rats the fiber density was higher in both areas. This sex difference persisted in adulthood.
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TL;DR
Using immunocytochemistry on vibratome sections, this study traced the postnatal development of vasopressinergic (AVP) neurons in the rat suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) and their extrahypothalamic projections, finding the first AVP-positive SCN cells on postnatal day 2 and an adult-like nucleus by day 14. From postnatal day 12 onward a marked sex difference emerged, with male rats showing denser AVP fiber networks in the lateral septum and, less strikingly, the lateral habenular nucleus, persisting into adulthood.
Key findings
- No AVP-positive cells were seen in the SCN on postnatal day 1; a few were detected in 1 of 3 two-day-old rats, in 6 of 8 rats on day 3, and in all animals from days 4–6. An adult appearance of the SCN was reached on day 14.
- Fibers appeared in the periventricular nucleus by day 7, but were visible in the lateral septum and lateral habenular nucleus only on day 10.
- From day 12 onward a sex difference developed in the density of AVP fibers in the lateral septum: in males density increased dramatically from day 12 to 17, whereas no such change occurred in females. In 55-day-old females the fiber number was still moderate, comparable to that of 12–14-day-old males; the difference persisted in adulthood but was less striking than between days 17 and 35.
- A similar but weaker sex difference was seen in the lateral habenular nucleus (adult-like appearance in males by day 14, females by day 17), with considerable overlap between the sexes. No sex difference was noted in the SCN or periventricular nucleus.
Methods
- Infant Wistar rats of either sex: first series studied on days 1–8, 10, 12, 14, 17 and 21 (3 rats per age group); second series sacrificed on days 3, 10, 12, 14, 17, 21, 27, 35 and 55 (2–6 rats of each sex per age group). Adults were 3 male and 3 female rats weighing 230–250 g.
- Brains were perfused with glutaraldehyde/paraformaldehyde, sectioned with a vibratome, and stained for AVP using the unlabeled antibody enzyme (PAP) method; antibody specificity was tested by immunofluorescence and adsorption controls, including Brattleboro rats.
- Fiber density in the lateral septum and lateral habenular nucleus was estimated semi-quantitatively in a blind study using 4 categories (+, ++, +++, ++++).
Limitations
- The paper states that its procedure "was not suited to a quantitative approach," so a sex difference in the number of AVP-containing cells cannot be excluded; it also notes that how the observed sex differences relate to functional differences remains speculative.
- Evident from the text: fiber density was scored only semi-quantitatively on an ordinal scale, group sizes were small (2–6 rats per sex per age), and large individual variation was noted, particularly in the lateral habenular nucleus where overlap between sexes was considerable.
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29 Own result · 9 Own interpretation · 5 No full text of the sources · 2 Own method
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“this difference was not as striking as between days 17 and 35.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The stage of the estrous cycle does not affect the density of AVP-containing fibers in the lateral septum of female rats.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The first immunopositive neurons of this nucleus were revealed on the 2nd postnatal day.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · p. 8 · plain
“In the present study the first AVP-containing cells in the SCN were found on the 2nd postnatal day”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · p. 8 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the 10th postnatal day the first AVP-containing fibers were visible in this area”
- Also stated in: § SUMMARY · p. 2 · plain
“such fibers were visible in the lateral septum and lateral habenular nucleus only on day 10.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § SUMMARY · p. 2 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“As soon as fibers were visible in the lateral habenular nucleus and the lateral septum, branching of fibers and punctate perineuronal structures could also be detected.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In male and female rats generally only very few AVP-containing fibers were found in the lateral septum on days 10 and 12.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“An adult appearance of the suprachiasmatic nucleus was detected on day 14.”
- Also stated in: § Suprachiasmatic nucleus · p. 6 · plain
“From the 14th postnatal day onwards the appearance of the SCN was similar to that of the adults”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Suprachiasmatic nucleus · p. 6 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although fibers appeared in the periventricular nucleus already on the 7th postnatal day”
- Also stated in: § Extrahypothalamic areas · p. 6 · plain
“Very few fibers were visible in the periventricular nucleus, medioventral to the lateral habenular nucleus on the 7th and 8th days”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Also stated in: § Extrahypothalamic areas · p. 6 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No sex differences were found in this brain region.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The density of fibers was only clearly larger in the adult male rats in which a very dense network of fibers could be demonstrated”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · p. 9 · plain
“Adult male rat, noted as + + + +. The fibers form a very dense network.”
boostedSingle case- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- Rests on an assumption: The stage of the estrous cycle does not affect the density of AVP-containing fibers in the lateral septum of female rats.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · p. 9 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The variation in the fiber density within the groups was larger in this area throughout development than in the lateral septum.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
- It may state two separate claims as one. 15
- The quote only partly states this claim. 2
- Probably not a substantial claim. 7
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The immunopositive cells were scattered over the entire SCN but the highest concentration was found at the medial and mediodorsal border of the SCN.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In male rats the fiber density was higher in both areas.”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · p. 9 · plain
“higher in male rats than in female rats from the 12th day onwards.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The stage of the estrous cycle does not affect the density of AVP-containing fibers in the lateral septum of female rats.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · p. 9 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“No sex difference was noted in the development of the AVP-containing cells and in the density of fibers in the immediate vicinity of the SCN.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On postnatal day 3, in 6 out of 8 rats and from the 4th to 6th day in all animals, immunopositive cells were visible in the SCN, revealing only very few or no fibers.”
plainn = 8- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Although generally female rats showed a smaller density of fibers in the lateral habenular nucleus than male rats of the same age, the overlap was considerable.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“AVP-containing fibers and cells were spread all over the SCN area on the 7th and 8th days (Fig. 2), while only very few fibers left the SCN running into rostral or dorsorostral directions.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while in the adult female rats the fibers had formed a network”
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · p. 10 · plain
“Female rat. The fibers form a network (arrows), but not as dense as in the male rat.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The stage of the estrous cycle does not affect the density of AVP-containing fibers in the lateral septum of female rats.
- Also stated in: § DISCUSSION · p. 10 · plain
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“On the 10th day the number of cells and the density of fibers fanning out the SCN were dramatically increased”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Numerous fine caliber fibers were homogeneously distributed over the SCN while vast projections fanned out in rostral, rostrodorsal and dorsocaudal directions.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“while a practically adult appearance was found in male rats on the 14th day and in female rats on the 17th day.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“and, to a lesser extent, in the lateral habenular nucleus.”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“While in male rats the fiber density increased dramatically from the 12th to 17th day, no such change was seen in female rats”
plaindirect- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The stage of the estrous cycle does not affect the density of AVP-containing fibers in the lateral septum of female rats.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Some more fibers, already forming a network, were visible in 3 out of 6 male rats of day 14 (Fig. 5) and in all male rats of days 17, 21, 27, 35 and 55 (Fig. 7).”
plainn = 6- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Only on the 55th day was a discernibly larger, but still moderate number of fibers found, comparable to the number of fibers in the lateral septum of male rats of 12–14 days of age”
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The AVPcontaining SCN fibers might thus be associated with the regulation of certain circadian rhythms.”
hedgedcorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The AVP-containing fibers of the SCN projecting to the lateral septum might influence neurohypophyseal function via these pathways.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: unclear — It is unclear whether the paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
The quote only partly states this claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“AVP fibers in the lateral septum might, in addition, play a role in the physiology of temperature regulation.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Another function of AVP fibers of the SCN might be an involvement in the regulation of water balance.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“nucleus was estimated in a semi-quantitative manner in a blind study distinguishing 4 categories: +, very few fibers; + +, a moderate number of fibers; + + +, fibers form a network; +++ +, fibers form a very dense network”
hedged- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“This is consistent with the higher levels of serotonin in the female brain, a sex difference which is only measureable from the 12th postnatal day2⁵, on which day the sex difference in the density of AVP fibers in our study also became noticeable.”
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites [25] Ladosky, 1970, Brain serotonin and sexual differentiation of the nervous system, Neuroendocrinology source
plaincorrelational- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: passes — The paper’s conclusions depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
It may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: The stage of the estrous cycle does not affect the density of AVP-containing fibers in the lateral septum of female rats.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The formation of the synaptic contacts might thus trigger AVPsynthesis.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, the procedure used in this study was not suited to a quantitative approach and for this reason a sex difference in the number of AVP-containing cells can certainly not be excluded.”
plain- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
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- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“serotonin fibers might balance out the paucity of AVP fibers in female rats.”
hedgedconditional- Asserted: passes — The authors put it forward as true.
- Checkable: passes — It can be checked against evidence.
- Load-bearing: fails — The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Based: passes — The paper gives a reason why it holds.
Probably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Rests on an assumption: The stage of the estrous cycle does not affect the density of AVP-containing fibers in the lateral septum of female rats.
The paper relies on this without support.
The stage of the estrous cycle does not affect the density of AVP-containing fibers in the lateral septum of female rats.
“The stages of the estrous cycle of the female rats were proestrus, estrus and metestrus.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For example, males have more AVP-expressing cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and medial amygdala and denser AVP-axonal projections to limbic brain regions, especially to the lateral septum (De Vries et al., 1981; Van Leeuwen et al., 1985; Szot and Dorsa, 1993).”
From Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play behavior by vasopressin and oxytocin depends on social context (2014) · cites this paper as De Vries et al., 1981
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“For example, compared to females, males have more AVP-expressing cells in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) and medial amygdala (MeA) and denser AVP-axonal projections to limbic brain regions, especially to the lateral septum (LS) (De Vries et al 1981; van Leeuwen et al., 1985; Szot & Dorsa, 1993).”
From Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin (2013) · cites this paper as De Vries et al 1981
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Likewise sex differences in AVP immunostaining in the lateral septum are similarly extreme at this age (De Vries et al., 1981).”
From Sexually dimorphic role for vasopressin in the development of social play (2014) · cites this paper as De Vries et al., 1981
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“This sex difference is found in many mammalian species (De Vries & Panzica, 2006) and already exists in juveniles (De Vries et al., 1981).”
From Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin (2013) · cites this paper as De Vries et al., 1981
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“To test the hypothesis that the sexually dimorphic effects of ICV injections of V1aR blockade were mediated by the sexually dimorphic projections of the BST and MeA, we specifically targeted the LS, which shows denser AVP fibers in males than in females (De Vries et al., 1981) and abundant expression of V1aR in male and female juvenile rats (Veenema et al., 2012).”
From Sex-specific modulation of juvenile social play by vasopressin (2013) · cites this paper as De Vries et al., 1981
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In rats, males have more AVP-expressing neurons in the BNST and MeA (Szot & Dorsa, 1993; van Leeuwen, Caffe, & De Vries, 1985) and have a higher density of AVP-immunoreactive (AVP-ir) fibers in the lateral septum (LS) and lateral habenular nucleus (De Vries, Buijs, & Swaab, 1981) compared to females.”
From Quantitative mapping reveals age and sex differences in vasopressin, but not oxytocin, immunoreactivity in the rat social behavior neural network (2017) · cites this paper as De Vries et al., 1981
Citations
Cites
A retinohypothalamic projection in the rat
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ON THE REPRODUCTIVE AND DEVELOPMENTAL DIFFERENCES WITHIN THE BRATTLEBORO STRAIN
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Little or no induction of hyperglycemia by 2-deoxy-d-glucose in hereditary blind microphthalmic rats
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Role of Habenula in Social and Reproductive Behaviors in Fish: Comparison With Mammals
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Examining the Role of Vasopressin in the Modulation of Parental and Sexual Behaviors
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Postnatal development of the vasopressinergic system in golden hamsters
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Vasopressin Proves Essential: Vasopressin and the Modulation of Sensory Processing in Mammals
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“J Neuroendocrinol (2008) 20(12):1295–300.”
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The special case of hormonal imprinting, the neonatal influence of sex
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“We also examined AVP-ir fibre density in one of the projection sites of the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), the paraventricular thalamic nucleus (PVT), a cluster of AVP-ir cells that is not steroid sensitive (6, 34 , 35).”
BackgroundKlein, S., Jurkevich, A., & Großmann, R. (2006) · The Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.21132 · Cited by 21
“The parvocellular (pc) neurons of the BSTM (part of the amygdala) are known in mammals to exhibit sexually dimorphic arginine vasopressin (AVP) synthesis that is regulated by sex steroids (DeVries et al., 1981; Wang, 1994; Gahr, 2001; Han and DeVries, 2003).”
BackgroundDevelopment of vasotocin pathways in the bullfrog brain
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“In rats, AVP is first detectable in the brain around embryonic day 16 (Choy and Watkins 1979; Buijs et al. 1980; Sinding et al. 1980; Whitnall et al. 1985) but the sexual dimorphism in AVP-ir doesn't appear until the 12th postnatal day ( De Vries et al. 1981 ).”
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Genetic loss of diazepam binding inhibitor in mice impairs social interest
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“Vasopressinergic nerve terminals in the rat LS are denser in males than females (De Vries et al., 1981; De Vries and Al-Shamma, 1990).”
BackgroundOxytocin and vasopressin increase male-directed threats and vocalizations in female macaques
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Olfactory Memory Impairment Differs by Sex in a Rodent Model of Pediatric Radiotherapy
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Central Behavioral Effects of Vasopressin: Point and Perspectives
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Vasopressin eliminates the expression of familiar odor bias in neonatal female mice through V1aR
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“Of considerable interest in the framework of this hypothesis is that developmental manipulation of androgen increases home range size in females (Zielinski et al., 1992) and masculinizes AVP content in the mammalian brain (de Vries and Panzica, 2006; de Vries et al., 1981).”
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Ontogeny of arginine vasopressin-like immunoreactivity in the Brazilian opossum brain
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Steroid hormone regulation of vasopressinergic neurotransmission in the central nervous system
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“In the SL of males and females, immunoreactive vasopressinergic fibers are first observed at D10 but the gender differences become apparent from D12 onwards (De Vries et al., 1981).”
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Chapter 5 Central vasopressin systems and steroid hormones
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“Modified from De Vries et al. (1981).”
The special case of hormonal imprinting, the neonatal influence of sex
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Subtle sex differences in vasopressin mRNA expression in the embryonic mouse brain
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Biological Determinants of Sexual Orientation
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Vasopressin as Possible Treatment Option in Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Vasopressin and Endocrine Function
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“…to vasopressin systems in the brain being (1) found to be sexually dimorphic and (2) thought to regulate social behaviors in sex-specific ways (De Vries et al., 1981), investigations in chimpanzees of associations between AVPR1A and general dispositional traits have resulted in sexuallydimorphic…”
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Sexual Differentiation of Brain and Behavior
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Functions of habenula in reproduction and socio-reproductive behaviours
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Neuroplasticity and Aggression: An Interaction Between Vasopressin and Serotonin
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Vasopressin and Oxytocin Receptors and the Developing Brain
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“significantly less anxiety-related behaviour than male equivalents (9) and variations in 434 maternal care is influenced by the expression of oxytocin and vasopressin receptors in the 435 lateral septum and amygdala in a gender-specific manner (63); both areas show sex 436 dimorphic vasopressin expression (40).”
Sex Differences in CNS Neurotransmitter Influences on Behavior
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Metadata
- Authors
- De Vries, G. J., Buds, R. M., & Swaab, D. F.
- ORCID
- Swaab, Dick F.
- Venue
- Brain Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1981-08
- Volume
- 218
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 67-78
- ISSN
- 0006-8993 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2002833231
- Semantic Scholar
- f6169fc782bda126e0ab5cb93b47a550a41455e3
- Cited by
- 319
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 21.77
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Brain Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- KNAW research portal (Royal Academy of Art and Sciences (KNAW)) (submittedVersion)
- Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- KNAW Research Portal (The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- vasopressin, suprachiasmatic nucleus, ontogeny, sex differences, lateral septum, lateral habenula, limbic system, postnatal development, rat brain
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Female, Hypothalamus, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Male, Neurons, Sex Characteristics, Vasopressins, Rats
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