Bacterial formation of aldosterone metabolites
Abstract
The experiments described in this paper demonstrate that most of the metabolic alterations of the aldosterone molecule, hitherto attributed to hepatic enzymes, equally well may be carried out by enzymes synthesized by anaerobic bacteria from the human gut. The steroid reductases synthesized by Clostridium paraputrificum, Clostridium J-1, and Clostridium innocuum convert aldosterone to the 3 alpha, 5 beta tetrahydroaldosterone (THA), 3 beta, 5 alpha-THA, and 3 alpha, 5 alpha-THA, respectively. All three enzymes metabolize 5 alpha.dihydroaldosterone to a single compound: 3 beta, 5 alpha-THA. Bifidobacterium adolescentis reduces aldosterone to 20 beta-dihydroaldosterone. In mixed cultures of B. adolescentis and clostridia, the individual enzymes operate independently of each other; however, about half of the aldosterone metabolites are in the free form and half in the acetal form. By appropriate selection of substrate and bacterial strains, therefore, it is possible to biosynthesize not only three of the THA isomers but also the hexahydroisomers in free form as well as in the acetal form.
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Reactions catalyzed by different strains of gut bacteria include A-ring reduction, reduction of the Δ5-double bond, reduction of 17-keto estrogens and 17-keto androstenes, 17,20-cleavage of 17α-hydroxysteroids, and 16α- and 21-dehydroxylation.
“Reactions catalyzed by different strains of gut bacteria include (1) A-ring reduction, (2) reduction of the Δ5-double bond, (3) reduction of 17-keto estrogens and 17-keto androstenes, (4) 17,20-cleavage of 17α-hydroxysteroids, and (5) 16α- and 21-dehydroxylation”
From Human steroid biosynthesis, metabolism and excretion are differentially reflected by serum and urine steroid metabolomes: a comprehensive review (2019) · cites this paper as [150]
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- Authors
- Winter, J., Shackleton, C. H. L., O'rourke, S., & Bokkenheuser, V. D.
- Affiliations
- St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center (US)
- University of California, San Francisco (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Steroid Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1984-11
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 563-569
- ISSN
- 0022-4731 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1977276204
- Cited by
- 16
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2023: 3 · 2019: 1
- FWCI
- 0.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Steroid Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Steroid Chemistry and Biochemistry
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal Regulation and Hypertension
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology › Microbial Natural Products and Biosynthesis
- Keywords
- bacterial steroid metabolism, gut microbiota, Clostridium paraputrificum, Clostridium innocuum, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, tetrahydroaldosterone, bacterial consortium, human gut microbiome
- MeSH terms
- Aldosterone, Clostridium, Intestines, Mass Spectrometry
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