The interaction between prenatal stress and neonatal handling on nociceptive response latencies in male and female rats
Abstract
Neonatal handling produces physiological and behavioral changes that persist into adulthood. These effects are opposite to those resulting from prenatal stress (PS). We examined the interaction between PS and handling on nociception in adult male and female rats. Randomly selected pregnant rats were subjected to restraint stress on days 13-17 of gestation for 25 min each day, or left undisturbed. At birth, selected stressed/nonstressed litters were assigned to be handled. handling consisted of 15 min of separation from the dam, once per day, from postnatal days 1-14. At 4 months of age, rats were placed on a 50 degrees C hot plate, and their latencies to paw lick were recorded. Prenatal stress and handling interacted to affect latencies in male rats. Handled (H)/PS rats had significantly lower paw lick latencies than nonhandled (NH)/PS rats (p < 0.05). However, handling had no effect on the male offspring of control dams. Handling elevated paw lick latencies in the female offspring of control dams, an effect that was most pronounced in diestrous vs. estrous rats. The NH/PS rats showed significantly elevated latencies compared to NH/NS rats (p < 0.05). These results suggest that handling effects on nociception are most apparent in rats subjected to PS; in males at least, these effects would otherwise not be present.
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Reduced gray matter density in precentral and postcentral gyrus associated with pregnancy anxiety is consistent with evidence for disturbed development of the nociceptive system and associated behavioral changes with prenatal stress.
“Reduced gray matter density in the precentral and postcentral gyrus in association with pregnancy anxiety is consistent with evidence for disturbed development of the nociceptive system and associated behavioral changes in association with prenatal stress (Smythe et al., 1994; Rokyta et al., 2008).”
From High pregnancy anxiety during mid-gestation is associated with decreased gray matter density in 6-9-year-old children. (2010) · cites this paper as Smythe et al., 1994
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- Authors
- Smythe, J. W., McCormick, C. M., Rochford, J., & Meaney, M. J.
- Affiliations
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Smythe, James W.
- Venue
- Physiology & Behavior
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-05
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 971-974
- ISSN
- 0031-9384 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044154535
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physiology & Behavior (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Birth, Development, and Health
- Keywords
- prenatal stress, neonatal handling, nociception, pain sensitivity, restraint stress, sex differences, estrous cycle, hot plate test, maternal separation, developmental programming, rats
- MeSH terms
- Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Animals, Arousal, Corticosterone, Estrus, Female, Handling, Psychological, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Male, Nociceptors, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Pregnancy, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Reaction Time, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Pain Threshold, Rats
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