Ratios of plasma and salivary testosterone throughout puberty: production versus bioavailability
Abstract
Because diffusion of testosterone (T) into the salivary gland is thought to be largely limited to the free, biologically active fraction, salivary testosterone is expected to provide a better measure of testosterone bioavailability in the body than is plasma testosterone. Matched saliva and blood spot samples were collected from 218 Zimbabwean males (age 11-23) who were at different stages of puberty, as assessed by self-reported Tanner genital stage ratings. Testosterone concentrations in these matched samples were highly correlated (r = 0.83). Both salivary and plasma testosterone (converted from blood spot value) showed expected significant increases across puberty. However, plasma testosterone distinguished among subjects at different stages of genital development more effectively than did salivary testosterone, suggesting the former to be a better marker of testosterone bioavailability. Sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) levels were also measured in a subgroup of 93 of these subjects. After controlling for plasma T concentrations, we found a small but significant inverse correlation between blood spot SHBG levels and the proportion of plasma testosterone recovered in salvia, supporting the hypothesis that SHBG-related changes in T bioavailability are detectable in saliva. We conclude that salivary testosterone accurately reflects testicular production of testosterone, but that neither salivary testosterone nor plasma testosterone is clearly superior to the other as a measure of testosterone bioavailability.
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In both sexes, circulating gonadal steroids rise across puberty until reaching adult concentrations.
“In both sexes, circulating gonadal steroids (predominately estradiol and progesterone in girls and testosterone in boys, although both sexes experience rises in all three hormones at puberty) rise across puberty until reaching adult concentrations”
From Does puberty mark a transition in sensitive periods for plasticity in the associative neocortex? (2017) · cites this paper as Rilling et al., 1996
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VARIATIONS IN SERUM TESTOSTERONE LEVELS IN GHANAIAN MALES
Ofei, V. (2003)
- Authors
- Rilling, J. K., Worthman, C. M., Campbell, B. C., Stallings, J. F., & Mbizva, M.
- Affiliations
- Emory University (US)
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of Zimbabwe (ZW)
- Corresponding author
- Rilling, James K.
- Venue
- Steroids
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-06
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 374-378
- ISSN
- 0039-128X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044024349
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 2 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 1.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Steroids (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- salivary testosterone, plasma testosterone, puberty, sex hormone-binding globulin, adolescent boys, Tanner stages, non-invasive hormone measurement
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Analysis of Variance, Child, Genitalia, Male, Humans, Male, Predictive Value of Tests, Puberty, Regression Analysis, Saliva, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone
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