The DOI matches its Crossref record; 32 of the 34 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Mobility performance with a pixelized vision system.
Abstract
A visual prosthesis, based on electrical stimulation of the visual cortex, has been suggested as a means for partially restoring functional vision in the blind. The prosthesis would create a pixelized visual sense consisting of punctate spots of light (phosphenes). The present study investigated the feasibility of achieving visually-guided mobility with such a visual sense. Psychophysical experiments were conducted on normally sighted human subjects, who were required to walk through a maze which included a series of obstacles, while their visual input was restricted to information from a pixelized vision simulator. Walking speed and number of body contacts with obstacles and walls were measured as a function of pixel number, pixel spacing, object minification, and field of view. The results indicate that a 25 x 25 array of pixels distributed within the foveal visual area could provide useful visually guided mobility in environments not requiring a high degree of pattern recognition.
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“It has been estimated that we need at least 625 electrodes implanted in visual areas for reading (although at lower speeds) and navigating through complex visual environments (Cha et al., 1992).”
From Toward a personalized closed-loop stimulation of the visual cortex: Advances and challenges (2022) · cites this paper as Cha et al., 1992
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Cites
The sensations produced by electrical stimulation of the visual cortex
Brindley, G. S., & Lewin, W. S. (1968) · The Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1113/jphysiol.1968.sp008519 · Cited by 1,170 · cited 1×
“When human visual cortex is stimulated by an array of surface electrodes, a pixelized visual sensation is created (Brindley & Lewin, 1968; Dobelle & Mladejovsky, 1974).”
BackgroundVision substitution by tactile image projection
BACH-Y-RITA, P., COLLINS, C. C., SAUNDERS, F. A., WHITE, B., & SCADDEN, L. (1969) · Nature · doi:10.1038/221963a0 · Cited by 956
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Self-citationSPSS 6.1 base system user's guide
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Psychophysics of reading—I. Normal vision
Legge, G. E., Pelli, D. G., Rubin, G. S., & Schleske, M. M. (1985) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/0042-6989(85)90117-8 · Cited by 554
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Visual Factors and Orientation-Mobility Performance
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An implantable multielectrode array with on-chip signal processing
Najafi, K., & Wise, K. D. (1986) · IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits · doi:10.1109/jssc.1986.1052646 · Cited by 310
Visual sensations produced by intracortical microstimulation of the human occipital cortex
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Visual Perception Elicited by Electrical Stimulation of Retina in Blind Humans
Humayun, M. S. (1996) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1996.01100130038006 · Cited by 602
Pattern electrical stimulation of the human retina
Humayun, M. S., de Juan, E., Weiland, J. D., Dagnelie, G., Katona, S., Greenberg, R. J., & Suzuki, S. (1999) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00052-8 · Cited by 598
Retinal Prosthesis for the Blind
Margalit, E., Maia, M., Weiland, J. D., Greenberg, R. J., Fujii, G. Y., Torres, G. F., Piyathaisere, D. V., O’Hearn, T. M., Liu, W., Lazzi, G., et al. (2002) · Survey of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0039-6257(02)00311-9 · Cited by 433
A neural interface for a cortical vision prosthesis
Normann, R. A., Maynard, E. M., Rousche, P. J., & Warren, D. J. (1999) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/s0042-6989(99)00040-1 · Cited by 411
Weiland, J. D., Liu, W., & Humayun, M. S. (2005) · Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering · doi:10.1146/annurev.bioeng.7.060804.100435 · Cited by 371
Metadata
- Authors
- Cha, K., Horch, K. W., & Normann, R. A.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Corresponding author
- Horch, Kenneth W.
- Venue
- Vision Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-07
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 1367-1372
- ISSN
- 0042-6989 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2026137948
- Cited by
- 226
- References
- 34
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 11 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 13 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 0.42
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Vision Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Keywords
- visual prosthesis, phosphenes, blind rehabilitation, field of view, pixel spacing, maze navigation, walking speed, obstacle avoidance
- MeSH terms
- Blindness, Electric Stimulation, Humans, Locomotion, Phosphenes, Vision, Ocular, Visual Cortex, Prostheses and Implants
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