Artificial Vision for the Blind: Electrical Stimulation of Visual Cortex Offers Hope for a Functional Prosthesis
Abstract
Electrical stimulation of the occipital cortex resulted in discrete photic sensations or "phosphenes" in two volunteers who had been totally blind for 7 and 28 years, respectively. Stimulation of multiple electrodes allowed one patient to recognize simple patterns, including letters. Both patients made an uneventful recovery, and the success of these experiments reinforces the hope that a functional visual prosthesis can be developed, although many problems remain to be solved.
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Visual percepts (phosphenes) can be evoked by electrical stimulation of the visual cortex via an array of electrodes implanted on the surface of a subject's visual cortex.
“They showed that visual percepts (phosphenes) could be evoked by electrical stimulation of the visual cortex via an array of electrodes implanted on the surface of a subject's visual cortex.”
From Visual percepts evoked with an intracortical 96-channel microelectrode array inserted in human occipital cortex (2021) · cites this paper as [6]
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Schanze, T., Wilms, M., Eger, M., Hesse, L., & Eckhorn, R. (2002) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s00417-002-0577-5 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Srivastava, N. R., Troyk, P. R., & Dagnelie, G. (2009) · Journal of Neural Engineering · doi:10.1088/1741-2560/6/3/035008 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
- Authors
- Dobelle, W. H., Mladejovsky, M. G., & Girvin, J. P.
- Affiliations
- University of Utah (US)
- Western University (CA)
- Venue
- Science
- Published
- 1974-02
- Volume
- 183
- Issue
- 4123
- Pages
- 440-444
- ISSN
- 0036-8075 (ISSN-L)
- 1095-9203
- OpenAlex
- W2068147451
- Cited by
- 440
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 14 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 16 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 2.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Tactile and Sensory Interactions
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine › Pain Management and Treatment
- Keywords
- visual prosthesis, phosphenes, total blindness, occipital cortex, pattern recognition, letter recognition, artificial vision, blind patients
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Blindness, Electric Stimulation, Electrodes, Implanted, Humans, Male, Visual Cortex, Visual Perception, Prostheses and Implants
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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