The DOI matches its Crossref record; 29 of the 29 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Competitive advantages from in-house scientific research: The US pharmaceutical industry in the 1980s
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Citations
Cites
An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change.
Loasby, B. J., Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (1983) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2232409 · Cited by 21,366
Limited-dependent and qualitative variables in econometrics
Maddala, G. S. (1983) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/cbo9780511810176 · Cited by 13,240
An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change
Berkowitz, M. K., Nelson, R. R., & Winter, S. G. (1983) · Southern Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/1058233 · Cited by 10,549
Innovation and Learning: The Two Faces of R & D
Cohen, W. M., & Levinthal, D. A. (1989) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2233763 · Cited by 7,530
Appropriating the Returns from Industrial Research and Development
Levin, R. C., Klevorick, A. K., Nelson, R. R., Winter, S. G., Gilbert, R., & Griliches, Z. (1987) · Brookings Papers on Economic Activity · doi:10.2307/2534454 · Cited by 3,772
Econometric Models for Count Data with an Application to the Patents-R & D Relationship
Hausman, J., Hall, B. H., & Griliches, Z. (1984) · Econometrica · doi:10.2307/1911191 · Cited by 3,393
The Simple Economics of Basic Scientific Research
Nelson, R. R. (1959) · Journal of Political Economy · doi:10.1086/258177 · Cited by 2,941
Empirical studies of innovation and market structurePreprint
Levin, R. C., & Cohen, W. M. (1989) · RePEc: Research Papers in Economics · Cited by 1,407
Imitation Costs and Patents: An Empirical Study
Mansfield, E., Schwartz, M., & Wagner, S. (1981) · The Economic Journal · doi:10.2307/2232499 · Cited by 1,316
Limited-Dependent and Qualitative Variables in Econometrics.
Schmidt, P., & Maddala, G. S. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.2307/2288445 · Cited by 1,310
Cited by
Strategic alliances and interfirm knowledge transfer
Mowery, D. C., Oxley, J. E., & Silverman, B. S. (1996) · Strategic Management Journal · doi:10.1002/smj.4250171108 · Cited by 3,426
Fifty Years of Empirical Studies of Innovative Activity and Performance
Cohen, W. M. (2010) · Handbook of the Economics of Innovation · doi:10.1016/s0169-7218(10)01004-x · Cited by 962
Eggers, J. P., & Kaplan, S. (2009) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1080.0401 · Cited by 774
Ritala, P., & Hurmelinna‐Laukkanen, P. (2013) · Journal of Product Innovation Management · doi:10.1111/j.1540-5885.2012.00956.x · Cited by 615
HICKS, D. (1995) · Industrial and Corporate Change · doi:10.1093/icc/4.2.401 · Cited by 408
Metadata
- Authors
- Gambardella, A.
- Venue
- Research Policy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-10
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 391-407
- ISSN
- 0048-7333 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2045765178
- Cited by
- 353
- References
- 29
- FWCI
- 5.58
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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How to cite
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Competitive advantages from in-house scientific research: The US pharmaceutical industry in the 1980s. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0048-7333(92)90001-k
- The paper
- Gambardella, A. (1992). Competitive advantages from in-house scientific research: The US pharmaceutical industry in the 1980s. Research Policy. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-7333(92)90001-k
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
