Glutathione Deficiency and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Reactive oxygen intermediates as apparently widely used messengers in the activation of the NF‐kappa B transcription factor and HIV‐1.

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An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells

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Inducibility of κ immunoglobulin enhancer-binding protein NF-κB by a posttranslational mechanism

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Glutathione metabolism and its selective modification.

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The antioxidant action of N-acetylcysteine: Its reaction with hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical, superoxide, and hypochlorous acid

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Efficacy of Oral N-Acetylcysteine in the Treatment of Acetaminophen Overdose

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Intracellular thiols regulate activation of nuclear factor kappa B and transcription of human immunodeficiency virus.

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TNF concentration in fatal cerebral, non-fatal cerebral, and uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria

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Identification of lymphotoxin and tumor necrosis factor in multiple sclerosis lesions.

Selmaj, K. W., Raine, C. S., Cannella, B., & Brosnan, C. F. (1991) · Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1172/jci115102 · Cited by 726 · see citing works

SYSTEMIC GLUTATHIONE DEFICIENCY IN SYMPTOM-FREE HIV-SEROPOSITIVE INDIVIDUALS

Buhl, R., Holroyd, K. J., Mastrangeli, A., Cantin, A. M., Jaffe, H., Wells, F. B., Saltini, C., & Crystal, R. G. (1989) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(89)91909-0 · Cited by 723 · see citing works

Interleukin 6 induces human immunodeficiency virus expression in infected monocytic cells alone and in synergy with tumor necrosis factor alpha by transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms.

Poli, G., Bressler, P. B., Kinter, A. L., Duh, E. J., Timmer, W. C., Rabson, A. B., Justement, J. S., Stanley, S. K., & Fauci, A. S. (1990) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.172.1.151 · Cited by 512 · see citing works

Glutathione regulates activation-dependent DNA synthesis in highly purified normal human T lymphocytes stimulated via the CD2 and CD3 antigens.

Suthanthiran, M., Anderson, M. E., Sharma, V. K., & Meister, A. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.9.3343 · Cited by 382 · see citing works

Cytokine-stimulated human immunodeficiency virus replication is inhibited by N-acetyl-L-cysteine.

Roederer, M., Staal, F. J. T., Raju, P. A., Ela, S. W., Herzenberg, L. A., & Herzenberg, L. A. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.12.4884 · Cited by 376 · see citing works

Low Concentrations of Acid-Soluble Thiol (Cysteine) in the Blood Plasma of HIV-1-Infected Patients

Eck, H., Gmünder, H., HARTMANN, M., Petzoldt, D., Daniel, V., & Dröge, W. (1989) · Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler · doi:10.1515/bchm3.1989.370.1.101 · Cited by 337 · see citing works

Suppression of human immunodeficiency virus expression in chronically infected monocytic cells by glutathione, glutathione ester, and N-acetylcysteine.

Kalebic, T., Kinter, A. L., Poli, G., Anderson, M. E., Meister, A., & Fauci, A. S. (1991) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.88.3.986 · Cited by 324 · see citing works

Selective Depletion in HIV Infection of T Cells that Bear Specific T Cell Receptor V β Sequences

Imberti, L., Sottini, A., Bettinardi, A., Puoti, M., & Primi, D. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1948066 · Cited by 315 · see citing works

Inhibition of HIV-1 replication and NF-x B activity by cysteine and cysteine derivatives

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Effect of N-acetylcysteine on plasma cysteine and glutathione following paracetamol administration

Burgunder, J., Varriale, A., & Lauterburg, B. H. (1989) · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf00609183 · Cited by 233 · see citing works

N -Acetylcysteine: A New Approach to Anti-HIV Therapy

Roederer, M., Ela, S. W., Staal, F. J. T., Herzenberg, L. A., & Herzenberg, L. A. (1992) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.209 · Cited by 163 · see citing works

Intracellular Glutathione Levels in T Cell Subsets Decrease in HIV-Infected Individuals

Staal, F. J. T., Roederer, M., Israelski, D. M., Bubp, J. L., Mole, L. A., McShane, D. J., Deresinski, S. C., Ross, W. A., Sussman, H. H., Raju, P. A., et al. (1992) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.305 · Cited by 156 · see citing works

The role of glutathione in lymphocyte activation. I. Comparison of inhibitory effects of buthionine sulfoximine and 2-cyclohexene-1-one by nuclear size transformation.

Hamilos, D. L., & Wedner, H. J. (1985) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.135.4.2740 · Cited by 153 · see citing works

CD4 and CD8 T cells with high intracellular glutathione levels are selectively lost as the HIV infection progresses

Roederer, M., Staal, F. J. T., Osada, H., Herzenberg, L. A., & Herzenberg, L. A. (1991) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/3.9.933 · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Anti-HIV and Anti-Anti-MHC Antibodies in Alloimmune and Autoimmune Mice

Kion, T. A., & Hoffmann, G. W. (1991) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.1909456 · Cited by 135 · see citing works

Oxidative stress and abnormal cholesterol metabolism in patients with adult respiratory distress syndrome.

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Pentoxifylline (Trental) decreases the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells and in cultured T cells [see comments]

Fazely, F., Dezube, B. J., Allen-Ryan, J., Pardee, A., & Ruprecht, R. (1991) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v77.8.1653.1653 · Cited by 109 · see citing works

Reactive oxygen species, antioxidants, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Sense or speculation?

Halliwell, B. B. (1991) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.151.1.29 · Cited by 96 · see citing works

Gluthatione Augments the Activation of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes in vivo

Dröge, W., Pottmeyer-Gerber, C., Schmidt, H., & Nick, S. (1986) · Immunobiology · doi:10.1016/s0171-2985(86)80061-4 · Cited by 95 · see citing works

L-2-oxothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid, a cysteine prodrug: pharmacokinetics and effects on thiols in plasma and lymphocytes in human.

Porta, P., Aebi, S. P., Summer, K., & Lauterburg, B. H. (1991) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0022-3565(25)24806-6 · Cited by 76 · see citing works

N-Acetylcysteine Inhibits Latent HIV Expression in Chronically Infected Cells

Roederer, M., Raju, P. A., Staal, F. J. T., Herzenberg, L. A., & Herzenberg, L. A. (1991) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.1991.7.563 · Cited by 73 · see citing works

Comparative study of the anti-HIV activities of ascorbate and thiol-containing reducing agents in chronically HIV-infected cells

Harakeh, S., & Jariwalla, R. J. (1991) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/54.6.1231s · Cited by 67 · see citing works

Metabolic disorder as early consequence of simian immunodeficiency virus infection in rhesus macaques

Eck, H., Dröge, W., Stahl‐Hennig, C., & Hunsmann, G. (1991) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/0140-6736(91)90482-5 · Cited by 64 · see citing works

Reactive Oxygen Species, Antioxidants, and Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

Halliwell, B. B. (1991) · Archives of Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/archinte.1991.00400010053005 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Membrane Oxidative Metabolism of Human Eosinophilic Cell Line EoL-1 in Response to Phorbol Diester and Formyl Peptide: Synergistic Augmentation by Interferon-γ Tumor Necrosis Factor

Yoshie, O., Majima, T., & Saito, H. (1989) · Journal of Leukocyte Biology · doi:10.1002/jlb.45.1.10 · Cited by 32 · see citing works

Prolonged antiviral activity of D-penicillamine in human immunodeficiency virus-infected homosexual men

Scheib, R. G., Parenti, D. M., Simon, G. L., Courtless, J., Schulof, R. S., Sarin, P. S., & Chandra, P. (1987) · The American Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1016/0002-9343(87)90794-7 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

REDOX REGULATION OF CELLULAR ACTIVATION

Nakamura, H., Nakamura, K., & Yodoi, J. (1997) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.15.1.351 · Cited by 1,106 · see citing works

Glutathione deficiency is associated with impaired survival in HIV disease

Herzenberg, L. A., Rosa, S. C. D., Dubs, J. G., Roederer, M., Anderson, M. T., Ela, S. W., Deresinski, S. C., & Herzenberg, L. A. (1997) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.94.5.1967 · Cited by 672 · see citing works

Oxidative stress during viral infection: A review

Schwarz, K. B. (1996) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/0891-5849(96)00131-1 · Cited by 652 · see citing works

Thiol-addition reactions and their applications in thiol recognition

Yin, C., Huo, F., Zhang, J., Martínez‐Máñez, R., Yang, Y.-T., Lv, H., & Li, S. (2013) · Chemical Society Reviews · doi:10.1039/c3cs60055f · Cited by 553 · see citing works

Zinc Metabolism in the Brain: Relevance to Human Neurodegenerative Disorders

Cuajungco, M. P., & Lees, G. J. (1997) · Neurobiology of Disease · doi:10.1006/nbdi.1997.0163 · Cited by 540 · see citing works

S-adenosylmethionine synthesis: Molecular mechanisms and clinical implications

Mato, J. M., Álvarez, L., Ortiz, P., & Pajares, M. A. (1997) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/s0163-7258(96)00197-0 · Cited by 489 · see citing works

High Risk of HIV-Related Mortality Is Associated With Selenium Deficiency

Baum, M. K., Shor‐Posner, G., Lai, S., Zhang, G., Lai, H. C., FLETCHER, M. A., Sauberlich, H. E., & Page, J. B. (1997) · Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes & Human Retrovirology · doi:10.1097/00042560-199708150-00007 · Cited by 438 · see citing works

Lung glutathione and oxidative stress: implications in cigarette smoke-induced airway disease

Rahman, I., & MacNee, W. (1999) · American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajplung.1999.277.6.l1067 · Cited by 420 · see citing works

HIV‐1 Tat potentiates TNF‐induced NF‐kappa B activation and cytotoxicity by altering the cellular redox state.

Westendorp, M. O., Shatrov, V. A., Schulze‐Osthoff, K., Frank, R. W., Kraft, M., Łoś, M., Krammer, P. H., Dröge, W., & Lehmann, V. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb07030.x · Cited by 382 · see citing works

N-acetyl-L-cysteine is a pluripotent protector against cell death and enhancer of trophic factor-mediated cell survival in vitro.

Mayer, M., & Noble, M. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.16.7496 · Cited by 371 · see citing works

Oxidative Stress during HIV Infection: Mechanisms and Consequences

Ivanov, A., Valuev-Elliston, V., Ivanova, O., Kochetkov, S., Starodubova, E., Bartosch, B., & Isaguliants, M. (2016) · Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity · doi:10.1155/2016/8910396 · Cited by 345 · see citing works

Status of glutathione and other thiols and disulfides in human plasma

Kleinman, W. A., & Richie, J. P. (2000) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00293-8 · Cited by 350 · see citing works

Variability in the clinical pattern of cutaneous side-effects of drugs with systemic symptoms: does a DRESS syndrome really exist?

Peyrière, H., Dereure, O., Breton, H., Demoly, P. M., Cociglio, M., Blayac, J. P., & Hillaire‐Buys, D. (2006) · British Journal of Dermatology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2133.2006.07284.x · Cited by 348 · see citing works

Rapid and Specific Efflux of Reduced Glutathione during Apoptosis Induced by Anti-Fas/APO-1 Antibody

van den Dobbelsteen, D. J., Nobel, S., Schlegel, J., Cotgreave, I. A., Orrenius, S., & Slater, A. F. G. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.26.15420 · Cited by 343 · see citing works

Molecular Mechanisms and Potential Clinical Significance of S -Glutathionylation

Dalle‐Donne, I., Milzani, A., Gagliano, N., Colombo, R., Giustarini, D., & Rossi, R. (2007) · Antioxidants and Redox Signaling · doi:10.1089/ars.2007.1716 · Cited by 296 · see citing works

The role of oxidative stress in HIV disease

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N‐acetylcysteine replenishes glutathione in HIV infection

Rosa, S. C. D., Zaretsky, M. D., Dubs, J. G., Roederer, M., Anderson, M., Green, A., Mitra, D. K., Watanabe, N., Nakamura, H., Tjioe, I., et al. (2000) · European Journal of Clinical Investigation · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2362.2000.00736.x · Cited by 278 · see citing works

The Effects of Sulfur Amino Acid Intake on Immune Function in Humans

Grimble, R. F. (2006) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/136.6.1660s · Cited by 251 · see citing works

A Spiropyran‐Based Ensemble for Visual Recognition and Quantification of Cysteine and Homocysteine at Physiological Levels

Shao, N., Jin, J. Y., Cheung, S. M., Yang, R. H., Chan, W. H., & Mo, T. (2006) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.200600112 · Cited by 247 · see citing works

Inhibition of activation-induced death in T cell hybridomas by thiol antioxidants: oxidative stress as a mediator of apoptosis

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Blood glutathione concentrations in a large-scale human study

Richie, J. P., Skowronski, L., Abraham, P., & Leutzinger, Y. (1996) · Clinical Chemistry · doi:10.1093/clinchem/42.1.64 · Cited by 233 · see citing works

Biogreen Synthesis of Carbon Dots for Biotechnology and Nanomedicine Applications

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Redox regulation of signal transduction: tyrosine phosphorylation and calcium influx.

Staal, F. J. T., Anderson, M. T., Staal, G. E. J., Herzenberg, L. A., Gitler, C., & Herzenberg, L. A. (1994) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.91.9.3619 · Cited by 217 · see citing works

Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 represses expression of manganese superoxide dismutase in HeLa cells.

Flores, S. C., Marecki, J. C., Harper, K., Bose, S. K., Nelson, S. K., & McCord, J. M. (1993) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.90.16.7632 · Cited by 212 · see citing works

Glutathione and immune function

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N-acetyl-L-cysteine inhibits primary human T cell responses at the dendritic cell level: association with NF-kappaB inhibition.

Verhasselt, V., Berghe, W. V., Vanderheyde, N., Willems, F., Haegeman, G., & Goldman, M. (1999) · PubMed · Cited by 211 · see citing works

Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial of Acetylcysteine in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Louwerse, E. S., Weverling, G. J., Bossuyt, P. M., Meyjes, F. E. P., & de Jong, J. M. B. V. (1995) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1995.00540300031009 · Cited by 186 · see citing works

Reduced, Oxidized and Protein-Bound Forms of Homocysteine and Other Aminothiols in Plasma Comprise the Redox Thiol Status—A Possible Element of the Extracellular Antioxidant Defense System

Ueland, P. M., Mansoor, M. A., Guttormsen, A. B., Müller, F., Aukrust, P., Refsum, H., & Svardal, A. M. (1996) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/126.suppl_4.1281s · Cited by 185 · see citing works

Immunonutrition: role of sulfur amino acids, related amino acids, and polyamines

Grimble, R. F., & GRIMBLE, G. K. (1998) · Nutrition · doi:10.1016/s0899-9007(98)80041-5 · Cited by 185 · see citing works

N-Acetyl- l -Cysteine Inhibits Primary Human T Cell Responses at the Dendritic Cell Level: Association with NF-κB Inhibition

Verhasselt, V., Berghe, W. V., Vanderheyde, N., Willems, F., Haegeman, G., & Goldman, M. (1999) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.4049/jimmunol.162.5.2569 · Cited by 223 · see citing works

Photoactivated CdTe/CdSe Quantum Dots as a Near Infrared Fluorescent Probe for Detecting Biothiols in Biological Fluids

Zhang, Y., Li, Y., & Yan, X. (2009) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac900394e · Cited by 180 · see citing works

Gene expression profiling reveals a signaling role of glutathione in redox regulation

Fratelli, M., Goodwin, L. O., Ørom, U. A., Lombardi, S., Tonelli, R., Mengozzi, M., & Ghezzi, P. (2005) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.0504398102 · Cited by 180 · see citing works

T-cell dysfunction in HIV infection: anergy due to defective antigen-presenting cell function?

Meyaard, L., Schuitemaker, H., & Miedema, F. F. (1993) · Immunology Today · doi:10.1016/0167-5699(93)90279-t · Cited by 178 · see citing works

Glutathione Turnover Is Increased during the Acute Phase of Sepsis in Rats

Malmezat, T., Breuillé, D., Capitan, P., Mirand, P. P., & Obled, C. (2000) · Journal of Nutrition · doi:10.1093/jn/130.5.1239 · Cited by 176 · see citing works

Hepatocellular Mitochondrial Alterations in Patients With Chronic Hepatitis C: Ultrastructural and Biochemical Findings

Barbaro, G., Lorenzo, G. D., Asti, A., Ribersani, M., Belloni, G., Grisorio, B., Filice, G., & Barbarini, G. (1999) · The American Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.1111/j.1572-0241.1999.01294.x · Cited by 175 · see citing works

Apoptosis Overview Emphasizing the Role of Oxidative Stress, DNA Damage and Signal- Transduction Pathways

Payne, C. M., Bernstein, C., & Bernstein, H. (1995) · Leukemia & lymphoma/Leukemia and lymphoma · doi:10.3109/10428199509059662 · Cited by 172 · see citing works

Gold Nanocluster-Based Fluorescent Probes for Near-Infrared and Turn-On Sensing of Glutathione in Living Cells

Tian, D., Qian, Z., Xia, Y., & Zhu, C. (2012) · Langmuir · doi:10.1021/la204380a · Cited by 173 · see citing works

Rethinking cystic fibrosis pathology: the critical role of abnormal reduced glutathione (GSH) transport caused by CFTR mutation

Hudson, V. M. (2001) · Free Radical Biology and Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00530-5 · Cited by 166 · see citing works

Thioltransferase (Glutaredoxin) Is Detected Within HIV-1 and Can Regulate the Activity of Glutathionylated HIV-1 Protease in Vitro

Davis, D. A., Newcomb, F. M., Starke, D. W., Ott, D. E., Mieyal, J. J., & Yarchoan, R. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.41.25935 · Cited by 162 · see citing works

Circulating CD8 T Lymphocytes in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals Have Impaired Function and Downmodulate CD3ζ, the Signaling Chain of the T-Cell Receptor Complex

Trimble, L. A., & Lieberman, J. (1998) · Blood · doi:10.1182/blood.v91.2.585 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

Stimulation of Glutathione Peroxidase Activity Decreases HIV Type 1 Activation after Oxidative Stress

Sappey, C., Legrand-Poels, S., Best‐Belpomme, M., Favier, A. E., Rentier, B., & Piette, J. G. (1994) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.1994.10.1451 · Cited by 161 · see citing works

One- and Two-Photon Turn-on Fluorescent Probe for Cysteine and Homocysteine with Large Emission Shift

Zhang, X., Ren, X., Xu, Q., Loh, K. P., & Chen, Z. (2009) · Organic Letters · doi:10.1021/ol802979n · Cited by 160 · see citing works

Cell type-specific role for reactive oxygen species in nuclear factor-kappaB activation by Interleukin-1

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Intracellular Glutathione Levels in T Cell Subsets Decrease in HIV-Infected Individuals

Staal, F. J. T., Roederer, M., Israelski, D. M., Bubp, J. L., Mole, L. A., McShane, D. J., Deresinski, S. C., Ross, W. A., Sussman, H. H., Raju, P. A., et al. (1992) · AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses · doi:10.1089/aid.1992.8.305 · Cited by 156 · see citing works

Changing Virus‐Host Interactions in the Course of HIV‐1 Infection

Miedema, F. F., Meyaard, L., KOOT, M., Klein, M. R., Roos, M. T. L., Groenink, M., Fouchier, R. A. M., Wout, A. B. V. ’., Tersmette, M., Schellekens, P. T. A., et al. (1994) · Immunological Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1600-065x.1994.tb00864.x · Cited by 152 · see citing works

A chromenoquinoline-based fluorescent off–on thiol probe for bioimaging

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A Role for Bioactivation and Covalent Binding within Epidermal Keratinocytes in Sulfonamide-Induced Cutaneous Drug Reactions

Reilly, T. P., Lash, L. H., Doll, M. A., Hein, D. W., Woster, P. M., & Svensson, C. K. (2000) · Journal of Investigative Dermatology · doi:10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00985.x · Cited by 150 · see citing works

The enzymatic antioxidant system in blood and glutathione status in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients: effects of supplementation with selenium or beta-carotene

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A label-free method for detecting biological thiols based on blocking of Hg2+-quenching of fluorescent gold nanoclusters

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The Role of Antioxidants in the Interplay between Oxidative Stress and Senescence

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Evidence for antiviral activity of glutathione: in vitro inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication

Palamara, A. T., Perno, C. F., Ciriolo, M. R., Dini, L., Balestra, E., D’Agostini, C., Francesco, P. D., Favalli, C., Rotilio, G., & Garaci, E. (1995) · Antiviral Research · doi:10.1016/0166-3542(95)00008-a · Cited by 144 · see citing works

Chronic elevation of plasma thioredoxin: Inhibition of chemotaxis and curtailment of life expectancy in AIDS

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The reaction of superoxide radical with N-acetylcysteine

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