Liposome encapsulation circumvents the hepatic clearance mechanisms of all-trans-retinoic acid
Abstract
All-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) has been proven active against a range of malignancies in isolated tissue culture systems and in human clinical trials, but the duration of its effects has been transient. Recent evidence indicates that the basis for the limited duration of ATRA's activity, at least in one form of leukemia, is a pharmacological adaptation that results in reduced serum concentration after prolonged treatment. This finding suggests that an i.v. formulation of ATRA may significantly improve the potency and duration of ATRA's activity in leukemia and, potentially, other malignancies as well. Liposomal ATRA (L-ATRA) was developed to provide a formulation of this retinoic acid isomer that can be administered intravenously to provide potential pharmacological advantages over the oral formulation. When L-ATRA was administered to rats over a prolonged period, the blood levels of the drug did not change over time. In vitro studies of isolated liver microsomes revealed that catabolism of the drug was not altered in rats that were repeatedly administered the L-ATRA formulation. Whereas microsomes isolated from animals that were orally administered free ATRA the same number of times with the same doses showed a significant increase in metabolism of the drug. These results suggest that an i.v. formulation of ATRA such as L-ATRA could be extremely useful in inducing long-term remissions in patients with APL.
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Sustained release of RA for more than 1 month can be accomplished by encapsulating it into biodegradable microspheres and tuning release rate by adjusting polymer composition, by encapsulation in polyion complex micelles and adjusting polymer composition or drug content, or by encapsulation in liposomes.
“The sustained release of RA for more than 1 month can be accomplished by encapsulating it into biodegradable microspheres and tuning the release rate by adjusting polymer composition in the formulation61, by the encapsulation in polyion complex micelles62 and adjusting polymer composition or drug content, or by the encapsulation in liposomes49.”
From Advances and challenges in retinoid delivery systems in regenerative and therapeutic medicine (2020) · cites this paper as [49]
In vivo tests showed that rats or human patients treated with ATRA-containing liposomes by intravenous administration had no decrease in plasma ATRA levels while animals/humans treated with oral formulation of ATRA (nonliposomal) had a significant decrease in plasma ATRA levels.
“In vivo tests showed that rats49 or human patients70 treated with ATRA-containing liposomes by intravenous administration had no decrease in plasma ATRA levels while animals/humans treated with oral formulation of ATRA (nonliposomal) had a significant decrease in plasma ATRA levels41,49.”
From Advances and challenges in retinoid delivery systems in regenerative and therapeutic medicine (2020) · cites this paper as [49]
Intravenous administration of RA-containing liposomes for 7 weeks in rats did not enhance RA catabolism.
“intravenous administration of RA-containing liposomes for 7 weeks in rats did not enhance RA catabolism49.”
From Advances and challenges in retinoid delivery systems in regenerative and therapeutic medicine (2020) · cites this paper as [49]
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- Authors
- Mehta, K., Sadeghi, T., McQueen, T., & Lopez-Berestein, G.
- Affiliations
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- Mehta, Kapil
- Venue
- Leukemia Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1994-08
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 8
- Pages
- 587-596
- ISSN
- 0145-2126 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2086225584
- Cited by
- 67
- References
- 36
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 3 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 4 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 1.65
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Leukemia Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FD-R 000923)
- National Cancer Institute (NCI CA 16672)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
- Keywords
- all-trans retinoic acid, liposomal drug delivery, hepatic clearance, drug metabolism, liver microsomes, acute promyelocytic leukemia, intravenous administration, oral dosage forms, drug catabolism, long-term remission
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Drug Carriers, Female, Injections, Intravenous, Liposomes, Liver, Microsomes, Liver, Rats, Inbred Lew, Tretinoin, Receptors, Retinoic Acid, Rats
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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