Cited by 351Neuropeptides and Animal PhysiologyStress Responses and CortisolNeuroendocrine regulation and behavior

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The role of endorphins in stress: Evidence and speculations

Amir, Shimon, Brown, Zavie W., Amit, Zalman·1980·Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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Abstract

Several lines of evidence suggest that the endogenous opioid peptides endorphins may play a role in the defensive response of the organism to stress. The present paper summarizes these findings as well as evidence linking endorphins to the anterior pituitary polypeptide hormone adrenocorticotropin (ACTH). Evidence is presented that endorphins may function as trophic hormones in peripheral target organs such as the adrenal medulla and the pancreas. As such they may be part of the physiological mechanisms that mediate adrenaline and glucagon release in response to stress. Endorphins (enkephalins) are also suggested to play a role in the control of the pituitary gland during stress. In such capacity they may act as hormone-releasing or inhibiting factors. Finally, endorphins appear to play a role in the behavioral concomitants of stress. In such capacity endorphins are suggested to function as modulators of neural systems that mediate the elaboration and expression of the reactive/affective components of stress. Speculations on the mode of interaction between endorphins and ACTH in the global response to stress are discussed.

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Authors: Amir, S., Brown, Z. W., & Amit, Z.
Affiliations: Concordia University (CA)
ORCID: Amir, Shimon
Venue: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1980-03
Volume: 4
Issue: 1
Pages: 77-86
ISSN: 0149-7634 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0149-7634(80)90027-5
OpenAlex: W2076340827
Cited by: 351
References: 249
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 9.62
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Neuroendocrine regulation and behavior
Keywords: endorphins, enkephalin, stress response, ACTH, anterior pituitary, trophic hormones, adrenal medulla, pancreas, adrenaline secretion, glucagon secretion, pituitary regulation, behavioral stress response, opioid peptides
MeSH terms: Adaptation, Physiological, Adrenal Medulla, Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Animals, Chemistry, Emotions, Endorphins, Epinephrine, Glucagon, Humans, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Insulin, Islets of Langerhans, Naloxone, Pain, Pituitary Gland, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Receptors, Opioid, Stress, Physiological, Stress, Psychological, Vasopressins, Rats, Chemical Phenomena

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The role of endorphins in stress: Evidence and speculations

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