The DOI matches its Crossref record; 12 of the 12 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Animal models of anxiety based on classical conditioning: The conditioned emotional response (CER) and the fear-potentiated startle effect
Open accessAbstract
Stimuli consistently paired with shock become capable of suppressing ongoing operant or consummatory behavior (the conditioned emotional response--CER) or elevating the amplitude of the startle reflex (fear-potentiated startle). These changes are used to infer a central state of fear which involves the central nucleus of the amygdala and its efferent projections to the brainstem. The present paper reviews how psychoactive drugs affect these measures. Both the CER and fear-potentiated startle are reduced by benzodiazepines, barbiturates and opiates. Advantages and disadvantages of these animal tests of anxiety are discussed.
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Citations
Cites
Krettek, J. E., & Price, J. L. (1978) · Journal of Comparative Neurology · doi:10.1002/cne.901780204 · Cited by 1,293
Conditioned fear as revealed by magnitude of startle response to an auditory stimulus.
Brown, J. S., Kalish, H. I., & Farber, I. E. (1951) · Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0060166 · Cited by 637
Charney, D. S. (1984) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1984.01790190025003 · Cited by 599
Amygdala central nucleus lesions: Effect on heart rate conditioning in the rabbit
Kapp, B. S., Frysinger, R. C., Gallagher, M., & Haselton, J. R. (1979) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/0031-9384(79)90304-4 · Cited by 590
Fear‐Potentiated Startle in Humans: Effects of Anticipatory Anxiety on the Acoustic Blink Reflex
Grillon, C., AMELI, R., Woods, S. W., Merikangas, K., & Davis, M. (1991) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1991.tb01999.x · Cited by 462
Self-citationHitchcock, J. M., & Davis, M. (1991) · Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.1037/0735-7044.105.6.826 · Cited by 345
Self-citationIwata, J., Chida, K., & LeDoux, J. E. (1987) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(87)90978-4 · Cited by 272
Mesencephalic central gray lesions and fear-motivated behavior in rats
Liebman, J. M., Mayer, D. J., & Liebeskind, J. C. (1970) · Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0006-8993(70)90062-4 · Cited by 241
Pascoe, J. P., & Kapp, B. S. (1985) · Behavioural Brain Research · doi:10.1016/0166-4328(85)90087-7 · Cited by 233
Davis, M., Schlesinger, L. S., & Sorenson, C. A. (1989) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes · doi:10.1037/0097-7403.15.4.295 · Cited by 192
Self-citation
Cited by
The ascent of mouse: advances in modelling human depression and anxiety
Cryan, J. F., & Holmes, A. (2005) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd1825 · Cited by 1,198
Differences in fear motivated behaviors among inbred mouse strains
Trullas, R., & Skolnick, P. (1993) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/bf02244948 · Cited by 451
Impaired fear inhibition is a biomarker of PTSD but not depression
Jovanovic, T., Norrholm, S. D., Blanding, N. Q., Davis, M., Duncan, E., Bradley, B., & Ressler, K. J. (2010) · Depression and Anxiety · doi:10.1002/da.20663 · Cited by 444
Self-citationDAVIS, M., WALKER, D. L., & LEE, Y. (1997) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb48289.x · Cited by 281
Self-citationWhat's wrong with fear conditioning?
Beckers, T., Krypotos, A.-M., Boddez, Y., Effting, M., & Kindt, M. (2013) · Biological Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.12.015 · Cited by 272
Metadata
- Authors
- Davis, M.
- Venue
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1990
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 147-165
- ISSN
- 0163-7258 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2091801114
- Cited by
- 189
- References
- 12
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Animal models of anxiety based on classical conditioning: The conditioned emotional response (CER) and the fear-potentiated startle effect. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0163-7258(90)90084-f
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- Davis, M. (1990). Animal models of anxiety based on classical conditioning: The conditioned emotional response (CER) and the fear-potentiated startle effect. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. https://doi.org/10.1016/0163-7258(90)90084-f
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
