Efferent pathway of the amygdala involved in conditioned fear as measured with the fear-potentiated startle paradigm.
Abstract
Fear-potentiated startle in the rat is a measure of conditioned fear that is blocked by lesions of the central nucleus of the amygdala. In a companion study, Rosen, Hitchcock, Sananes, Miserendino, and Davis (1991) demonstrated a direct anatomical projection from the central nucleus to the brainstem startle reflex circuit. In the present study, fear-potentiated startle was blocked by lesions that interrupted this pathway at 3 different levels or by a crossed lesion that interrupted the pathway at its source on one side and at a more caudal level on the other side. Although synaptic relays have not been ruled out entirely, the data suggest that the direct projection from the central nucleus of the amygdala to the startle circuit mediates the expression of fear-potentiated startle. These findings are consistent with the literature indicating that efferent projections from the central nucleus to various brainstem structures are involved in the expression of several conditioned fear responses.
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The central amygdala nucleus (CEA) has been implicated in learning and expression of fear responses, as well as the expression of stress-induced anxiety behaviors.
“Functionally, CEA has been implicated in learning and expression of fear responses,105, 106, 107 as well as the expression of stress-induced anxiety behaviors.108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113”
From Preferential loss of dorsal-hippocampus synapses underlies memory impairments provoked by short, multimodal stress (2014) · cites this paper as [105]
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- Authors
- Hitchcock, J. M., & Davis, M.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Venue
- Behavioral Neuroscience
- Published
- 1991
- Volume
- 105
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 826-842
- ISSN
- 0735-7044 (ISSN-L)
- 1939-0084
- OpenAlex
- W1984415186
- Cited by
- 345
- References
- 59
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 4.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavioral Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01mh041298-03)
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH-41298, MH 25642, MH 47840, P01MH025642)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Keywords
- central amygdala, fear-potentiated startle, fear conditioning, efferent projections, fear expression
- MeSH terms
- Amygdala, Animals, Association Learning, Brain Mapping, Brain Stem, Conditioning, Classical, Efferent Pathways, Fear, Male, Medulla Oblongata, Motivation, Synaptic Transmission, Neuronal Plasticity, Rats, Inbred Strains, Reflex, Startle, Substantia Innominata, Substantia Nigra, Tegmentum Mesencephali, Rats
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