Cited by 1,044Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesPsychometric Methodologies and TestingPsychological Testing and Assessment

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The Hamilton Anxiety Scale: reliability, validity and sensitivity to change in anxiety and depressive disorders

Maier, Wolfgang, Buller, Raimund, Philipp, Michael, Heuser, Isabella·1988·Journal of Affective Disorders

DOI 10.1016/0165-0327(88)90072-9

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Abstract

The Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) was tested for reliability and validity in two different samples, one sample (n = 97) defined by anxiety disorders, the other sample (n = 101) defined by depressive disorders. The reliability and the concurrent validity of the HAM-A and its subscales proved to be sufficient. Internal validity tested by latent structure analysis was insufficient. The major problems with the HAM-A are that (1) anxiolytic and antidepressant effects cannot be clearly distinguished; (2) the subscale of somatic anxiety is strongly related to somatic side effects. The applicability of the HAM-A in anxiolytic treatment studies is therefore limited. More specific anxiety scales are needed.

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دراسة تأثير كوفيد-19 على الصحة النفسية في سوريا مقارنة بعينة من البلاد العربية: دراسة متغيرات مستوى القلق قبل اندلاع جائحة كوفيد-19 وفي ظل وجودها
صوفان, ب. ع., بيرقدار, ب. ع., & صوفان, ،. ا. ع. (2022) · QScience Connect · doi:10.5339/connect.2022.spt.3
Anxiety
Hughes, J. W. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_2063-2
Anxiety Disorders
Schutte, N. S., & Malouff, J. M. (1995) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-1277-0_6
Anxiety
Hughes, J. W. (2018) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_2063
Association between 5-Ht1a Receptor Gene Polymorphisms and Treatment Response to Escitalopram in Panic DisorderPreprint
Wang, W., Liu, Y., Li, S., Guo, X., Luο, X., & Zhang, Y. (2021) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.3965245
Psychological and Personality Testing
La, D., Moorleghem, K. V., & Liou‐Johnson, V. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-287-082-7_65
Acupuncture combined with auricular acupressure for smoking cessation and its effects on tobacco dependence and smoking behavior among Hong Kong smokers: a prospective, multicenter clinical studyPreprint
Ho, L. F., Ho, W. K., Wong, L. L., Chiu, S. W., Tang, S. Y., Wong, C., Chan, K. S., Lam, C. L., Chen, M., Chan, K. L., et al. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1653908/v1
The Relationship between Sexual Dysfunctions and Depression in Premenopausal Women
Gaffer, S. S., Seleem, M. A.-H., Saba, T. M. E., & Badawy, A. A. E.-K. (2022) · International Neuropsychiatric Disease Journal · doi:10.9734/indj/2022/v17i330202
“(Katherine, et al, 2001) We used the Arabic translated and validated version for Fateem,1998 [25,26].”
Method
Effectiveness of an 8-week hatha yoga intervention to improve lower back pain in university office workers: A mixed-methods pilot exploratory study
Das, B. M., & Conerly, J. (2022) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-205156
“Anxiety was assessed using the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) [24] and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS-A) [25].”
Language Models Learn Sentiment and Substance from 11,000 Psychoactive ExperiencesPreprint
Friedman, S. F., & Ballentine, G. (2022) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-1942143/v2
Psychosocial experience of mothers of children with sickle cell disease in Antananarivo and Toamasina, Madagascar
Samena, H. S. C., Rasamoelison, R. J., Razanamanana, S. N., & Robinson, A. L. (2022) · International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences · doi:10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20222832
Correlation between Anxiety and Musculoskeletal Health in Female Adolescents with Generalized Anxiety Disorder in Kafr El Sheikh Governorate, Egypt
Maher, A., & Soliman, A. (2022) · The Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine · doi:10.21608/ejhm.2022.276872
“It refers anxiety to, for example, a mental state, and a drive, a reaction to a specific situation, a personality attribute and a psychiatric disorder ((6,7)).”
Background
Psychometric Correlation of Personality Disorders Along With Defense Mechanisms in Mexican Individuals With Depressive and Anxious Disorders: A Cross-Sectional Study
Galván-Suárez, R., Ontiveros-Uribe, M. P., & Chávez-León, E. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.33805
“At the same time, the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) was used to assess these clusters of symptoms in the same population [13].”
Method
Efficacy and safety of Tongdutiaoshen acupuncture on insomnia in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a randomized clinical trial protocolPreprint
Wang, P., Wang, Z., Li, Z., Ma, S.-H., Li, Y., Li, H., Yang, C., Yu, M., Wang, J., An, Y.-C., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-2309236/v1
KECEMASAN DAN KUALITAS TIDUR USIA DEWASA DI PANDEMI COVID-19
Tobing, D. L., & Haryani, A. P. (2023) · Jurnal Keperawatan Widya Gantari Indonesia · doi:10.52020/jkwgi.v7i1.5562
Vivre une expérience douloureuse avec un cancer : l’hypnose pour une prise en soin unitaire
Brander, J., Rodrigues, S. D. R., & Melo, N. D. C. (2022) · Revue internationale de soins palliatifs · doi:10.3917/inka.231.0005
Chemotherapy Induced Oral Mucositis Based on Patients` Needs Assessment
Ali, Y. M., Elkady, M. S., Ali, H. S., Abdelatief, D. A., & Abdelslam, S. N. (2020) · Egyptian Journal of Health Care · doi:10.21608/ejhc.2020.295305
A PROSPECTIVE, OPEN-LABEL, NON-RANDOMISED STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFICACY AND SAFETY OF ZERO TENSION TABLETS IN PATIENTS WITH STRESS, ANXIETY AND INSOMNIA DISORDERS
Kimtata, V., Ahmed, H. A., & Sushma, B. H. (2023) · International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy · doi:10.7897/2277-4343.140246
Effectiveness of smartphone app-based anxiety therapy in Williams Beuren syndrome: a single-case, multiple-baseline study (Preprint)Preprint
Lehman, N., Geneviève, D., & Trouillet, R. (2023) · doi:10.2196/preprints.49824
Life events in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A cross-sectional study
Bhattacharjee, S., Kundu, P. K., & Saha, S. (2023) · Asian Journal of Medical Sciences · doi:10.3126/ajms.v14i7.53495
Midterm follow-up of healthy young adults with moderate to severe COVID-19: pulmonary and extrapulmonary disease sequelae
Hassani, N. S., MozafaryBazargany, M., Zohrian, F., Dashtiani, E., Alan, M. S., Rahimi, F., Kamipoor, Z., Niksima, M. M., Zakani, A., Manshadi, S. H. D., et al. (2023) · Egyptian Journal of Bronchology · doi:10.1186/s43168-023-00207-4
“Hamilton anxiety scale (HAMA) is a questionnaire consisting of 14- to 5-point scale [12].”
Method
Evaluation of Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Patients Undergoing Initial Oncology Treatment: A Clinical Study
Agarwal, H., Rana, S., & Pal, S. (2023) · Journal of Precision Oncology · doi:10.4103/jpo.jpo_6_23
Correlation between mental well-being and severity of class II temporomandibular joint disorders, compared to non-temporomandibular joint disorders
Shrivastav, S., & Sanchla, A. D. (2023) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.134158.1
Introducing the ASI-NPI project: preliminary analysis of a study exploring the role of cannabis, salience alterations and youth in determining psychotic symptoms severityPreprint
Boy, O. B., Merola, G. P., Patti, A., Fascina, I., Bozza, B., Flaccomio, D., Faldi, M., Pitt, G., Papini, L., Ricci, C., et al. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3615804/v1
Unraveling the Complex Relationships Between Anxiety, Depression, and Quality of Life in Schizophrenia: A Network Analysis StudyPreprint
Tang, Y., Wang, Y., Deng, W., Zhang, H., Wu, P., Zhou, Y., Li, Z., Xin, Y., & Xu, Y. (2023) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-3609453/v1
A 6-week, phase IIb, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of Anyu Peibo capsules for the treatment of major depressive disorder in adults
Shen, H., Yu, Y., Huang, J., Yin, J., Niu, Y., Lu, Y., Wu, B., Fang, M., Wang, X., Tao, Z., et al. (2023) · Therapeutic Advances in Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/20451253231212342
“20,21 It consists of 14 items that evaluate different aspects of anxiety.”
Background

Authors: Maier, W., Buller, R., Philipp, M., & Heuser, I.
Affiliations: Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
Corresponding author: Maier, Wolfgang
ORCID: Maier, Wolfgang
Buller, Raimund
Heuser, Isabella
Venue: Journal of Affective Disorders
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1988-01
Volume: 14
Issue: 1
Pages: 61-68
ISSN: 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0165-0327(88)90072-9
OpenAlex: W2021803359
Cited by: 1,044
References: 15
Citations by year: 2026: 102 · 2025: 132 · 2024: 122 · 2023: 77 · 2022: 81 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 74 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 47 · 2017: 49 · 2016: 45 · 2015: 29 · 2014: 27 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 4.75
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Keywords: Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, anxiety disorders, depressive disorders, psychometric validation, reliability statistics, concurrent validity, internal validity, latent structure analysis, anxiolytic treatment, antidepressant effects, sensitivity to change
MeSH terms: Agoraphobia, Alprazolam, Amitriptyline, Anxiety Disorders, Clinical Trials as Topic, Depressive Disorder, Humans, Imipramine, Panic, Psychological Tests, Psychometrics, Random Allocation

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The Hamilton Anxiety Scale: reliability, validity and sensitivity to change in anxiety and depressive disorders

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