The effects of depression and age on the Horne-Ostberg morningness-eveningness score
Abstract
Effects of depression and age on the Horne-Ostberg morningness-eveningness scale in human volunteers were assessed. Thirty-nine healthy outpatients with current DSM-IIIR depression, free of recent substance abuse or confounding medications, were compared to 39 age- and sex-matched controls. Patients reported greater 'eveningness' than controls (P = 0.014, Wilcoxon signed-ranks test). There was multimodality in the distribution of Horne-Ostberg scale scores in the depressed group, but a normal distribution in controls. Pearson's correlation of age vs. Horne-Ostberg score was positive (r = 0.42-0.55). Depression and age influence the Horne-Ostberg score. Potential multimodality of circadian phase in the depressed group deserves further study.
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Eveningness is associated with depression, reduced reward responsiveness, blunted positive affect rhythms, sensation seeking, poor self-regulation, and impulsivity.
“eveningness is associated with depression, reduced reward responsiveness, blunted positive affect rhythms, sensation seeking, poor self-regulation, and impulsivity (70,71,73–79).”
From Impact of Sleep and Circadian Rhythms on Addiction Vulnerability in Adolescents (2018) · cites this paper as [75]
Eveningness and/or delayed sleep timing has been consistently associated with psychiatric conditions, most prominently mood disorders.
“Furthermore, eveningness (and/or delayed sleep timing) has been consistently associated with psychiatric conditions, most prominently mood disorders (e.g., Chelminski, Ferraro, Petros, & Plaud, 1999; Drennan et al., 1991; Hasler et al., 2010; Kitamura et al., 2010).”
From Sleep and circadian contributions to adolescent alcohol use disorder (2015) · cites this paper as Drennan et al., 1991
Individuals genetically predisposed towards eveningness versus morningness are more likely to develop depression.
“Even individuals that are genetically predisposed towards “eveningness” (a preference for the evening) versus “morningness” (a preference for the morning) are more likely to develop depression (Drennan et al., 1991; Chelminski et al., 1999).”
From Circadian genes, rhythms and the biology of mood disorders (2007) · cites this paper as Drennan et al., 1991
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References 24 · Cited by 215
- Authors
- Drennan, M. D., Klauber, M. R., Kripke, D. F., & Goyette, L. M.
- Affiliations
- University of California San Diego (US)
- Corresponding author
- Drennan, Michael D.
- ORCID
- Kripke, Daniel F.
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1991-10
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 93-98
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2072736206
- Cited by
- 215
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 10 · 2017: 17 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 17 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 0.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 00117, MH30914-14, MH18399-05, T32MH018399)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
- Keywords
- depression, circadian rhythm, chronotype, age effects, circadian phase, multimodality
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Bipolar Disorder, Circadian Rhythm, Depressive Disorder, Female, Humans, Male, Personality Tests, Psychometrics, Sleep Stages
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