Thyroid abnormalities during chronic lithium treatment in Hong Kong Chinese: a controlled study
Abstract
Fifty Chinese psychiatric patients on chronic lithium treatment and the same number of sex- and age-matched control outpatients were assessed by a thyroidologist and underwent laboratory investigations. Lithium patients had a higher rate of goitres (50% vs 10%, P < 0.0001) and a higher mean TSH level (P < 0.005) than controls. Thyroid antibodies were detected in 7 older manic-depressive patients as opposed to 1 control, but not in patients with recurrent unipolar mania. Five patients, but no controls, had single or multiple episodes of hyperthyroidism, which was followed in 2 of them by biochemical hypothyroidism. It is suggested that variations in iodine status, dietary goitrogens, immunogenetic makeup and their complex interactions with chronic lithium treatment may contribute to ethnically different patterns of thyroid abnormalities.
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E-cigarettes are not authorised or available in many countries.
“However, ecigarettes are not authorized or available in many countries, and further research is required to establish the health outcomes of this approach.268”
From The Lancet Psychiatry Commission: a blueprint for protecting physical health in people with mental illness (2019) · cites this paper as [268]
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- Authors
- Lee, S., Chow, C. C., Wing, Y. K., & Shek, C. C.
- Affiliations
- Chinese University of Hong Kong (HK)
- Corresponding author
- Lee, Sing
- Venue
- Journal of Affective Disorders
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-11
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 173-178
- ISSN
- 0165-0327 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011733238
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 22
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2019: 4 · 2016: 1 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 3
- FWCI
- 1.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Affective Disorders (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Thyroid Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Bipolar Disorder and Treatment
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- lithium, thyroid abnormalities, goiter, thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroid autoantibodies, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, bipolar disorder, unipolar mania, iodine status, Hong Kong Chinese
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Autoantibodies, Bipolar Disorder, Cross-Cultural Comparison, Depressive Disorder, Female, Goiter, Hong Kong, Humans, Hyperthyroidism, Hypothyroidism, Male, Psychotic Disorders, Thyroid Function Tests, Thyroid Gland, Thyroid Hormones, Thyroiditis, Autoimmune, Thyrotropin, Lithium Carbonate
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