Abnormal processing of irrelevant information in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Abstract
The presence of a selective attention deficit in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was investigated by administering a trial-by-trial version of the Stroop Color-Naming Task to children, aged 9-12, with ADHD (n = 19) and age-matched normal control children (n = 19). Performance was evaluated on both interference and facilitation components of the task. On the standard version of the task, with equal numbers of color words and neutral words, children with ADHD showed increased Stroop interference (prolongation of color-naming times by color-incongruent stimuli) but normal amounts of facilitation (speeding of color naming by color-congruent stimuli). This finding suggests that children with ADHD show increased disruption of color-naming performance by task-irrelevant information, probably secondary to decreased attentional control over the interference process. In contrast to findings of studies in adults, both groups of children failed to use an attentional strategy to reduce interference when they were administered blocks of trials that varied their expectancy for color word trials. This precluded a direct test of the diminished control hypothesis. There were no significant correlations between abnormal Stroop performance and impairment on the Continuous Performance Test or the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test or measures of IQ or reading performance. The implications of these findings for our understanding of information-processing deficits in children with ADHD and of the neurobiological underpinnings of these deficits are discussed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There is ample evidence of impairment in filtering distractors by children with ADHD compared to those without.
“Nevertheless, there appears to be ample evidence of an impairment in the filtering of distractors by children with ADHD compared to those without (e.g. [95,97,101] ).”
From Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention (2017) · cites this paper as [97]
Cites
The attention system of the human brain
Posner, M. I., & Petersen, S. E. (1990) · Annual Review of Neuroscience · doi:10.1146/annurev.ne.13.030190.000325 · Cited by 8,070 · see citing works
Pardo, J. V., Pardo, P. J., Janer, K. W., & Raichle, M. E. (1990) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.87.1.256 · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works
Barkley, R. A., Grodzinsky, G., & DuPaul, G. J. (1992) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00916547 · Cited by 724 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Willcutt, E. G., Doyle, A. E., Nigg, J. T., Faraone, S. V., & Pennington, B. F. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.02.006 · Cited by 3,568 · see citing works
Bush, G., Frazier, J. A., Rauch, S. L., Seidman, L. J., Whalen, P. J., Jenike, M. A., Rosen, B. R., & Biederman, J. (1999) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00083-9 · Cited by 866 · see citing works
Frazier, T. W., Youngstrom, E. A., Glutting, J. J., & Watkins, M. W. (2007) · Journal of Learning Disabilities · doi:10.1177/00222194070400010401 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Reaction time variability in ADHD: A meta-analytic review of 319 studies
Kofler, M. J., Rapport, M. D., Sarver, D. E., Raiker, J. S., Orban, S. A., Friedman, L. M., & Kolomeyer, E. G. (2013) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2013.06.001 · Cited by 648 · see citing works
Sergeant, J. A. (2005) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2004.09.010 · Cited by 589 · see citing works
Intra-Subject Variability in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
Klein, C., Wendling, K., Huettner, P., Ruder, H., & Peper, M. (2006) · Biological Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.biopsych.2006.04.003 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Vollenweider, F. X., Gamma, A., Liechti, M., & Huber, T. (1998) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0893-133x(98)00013-x · Cited by 448 · see citing works
Stroop interference and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: A review and meta-analysis.
Lansbergen, M. M., Kenemans, J. L., & van Engeland, H. (2007) · Neuropsychology · doi:10.1037/0894-4105.21.2.251 · Cited by 311 · see citing works
The Effect of Methylphenidate on Three Forms of Response Inhibition in Boys with AD/HD
Scheres, A., Oosterlaan, J., Swanson, J., Morein-Zamir, S., Meiran, N., Schut, H., Vlasveld, L., & Sergeant, J. A. (2003) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1021729501230 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Linking ADHD to the Neural Circuitry of Attention
Mueller, A., Hong, D. S., Shepard, S., & Moore, T. (2017) · Trends in Cognitive Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tics.2017.03.009 · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Wilens, T. E., & Decker, M. W. (2007) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.07.002 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Sensitivity to interference and response contingencies in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Crone, E. A., Richard Jennings, J., & Van Der Molen, M. W. (2003) · Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry · doi:10.1111/1469-7610.00115 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Heaton, S. C., Reader, S. K., Preston, A. S., Fennell, E. B., Puyana, O. E., Gill, N., & Johnson, J. H. (2001) · Child Neuropsychology · doi:10.1076/chin.7.4.251.8736 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Neuropsychological function in adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Seidman, L. J., Doyle, A., Fried, R., Valera, E., Crum, K., & Matthews, L. (2004) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/j.psc.2003.12.005 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Albrecht, B., Banaschewski, T., Brandeis, D., Heinrich, H., & Rothenberger, A. (2005) · Behavioral and Brain Functions · doi:10.1186/1744-9081-1-22 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
KALFF, A. C., DE SONNEVILLE, L. M. J., HURKS, P. P. M., HENDRIKSEN, J. G. M., KROES, M., FERON, F. J. M., STEYAERT, J., VAN ZEBEN, T. M. C. B., VLES, J. S. H., & JOLLES., J. (2005) · Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society · doi:10.1017/s1355617705050216 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
- Authors
- Carter, C. S., Krener, P., Chaderjian, M., Northcutt, C., & Wolfe, V.
- Affiliations
- University of Pittsburgh (US)
- University of California, Davis (US)
- Corresponding author
- Carter, Cameron S.
- ORCID
- Carter, Cameron S.
- Venue
- Psychiatry Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-01
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 59-70
- ISSN
- 0165-1781 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993331772
- Cited by
- 115
- References
- 3
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 2.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Psychiatry Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, selective attention, interference, facilitation, task-irrelevant information, attentional control, children, information processing deficits, continuous performance test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Color Perception, Discrimination Learning, Female, Humans, Internal-External Control, Male, Problem Solving, Reaction Time, Reference Values, Semantics, Set, Psychology, Wechsler Scales
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
