The DOI matches its Crossref record; 1 of the 1 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Annual bonus schemes and the manipulation of earnings
Open accessAbstract
Using confidential data of executive-specific short-term bonus plans, we investigate the extent to which executives manipulate earnings to maximize the present value of bonus plan payments. As such, this paper extends the work of Healy (1985). Like Healy, we find evidence consistent with the hypothesis that managers manipulate earnings downwards when their bonuses are at their maximum. Unlike Healy, we find no evidence that managers manipulate earnings downwards when earnings are below the minimum necessary to receive any bonus. We demonstrate that Healy's results at the lower bound are likely to be induced by his methodology.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Towards a Positive Theory of the Determination of Accounting Standards.
Watts, R. L., & Zimmerman, J. L. (1978) · The Accounting Review · doi:10.2308/tar-4500569 · Cited by 2,667
Cited by
Corporate governance, chief executive officer compensation, and firm performance
Core, J. E., Holthausen, R. W., & Larcker, D. F. (1999) · Journal of Financial Economics · doi:10.1016/s0304-405x(98)00058-0 · Cited by 4,335
Self-citationEarnings Management to Exceed Thresholds
Degeorge, F., Patel, J., & Zeckhauser, R. (1999) · The Journal of Business · doi:10.1086/209601 · Cited by 2,751
The relevance of the value-relevance literature for financial accounting standard setting
Holthausen, R. W., & Watts, R. L. (2001) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/s0165-4101(01)00029-5 · Cited by 1,742
Self-citationThe role of information and financial reporting in corporate governance and debt contracting
Armstrong, C. S., Guay, W. R., & Weber, J. P. (2010) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2010.10.001 · Cited by 1,494
Financial accounting information, organizational complexity and corporate governance systems
Bushman, R., Chen, Q., Engel, E., & Smith, A. (2004) · Journal of Accounting and Economics · doi:10.1016/j.jacceco.2003.09.005 · Cited by 1,059
Metadata
- Authors
- Holthausen, R. W., Larcker, D. F., & Sloan, R. G.
- Venue
- Journal of Accounting and Economics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1995-02
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 29-74
- ISSN
- 0165-4101 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2069412680
- Cited by
- 1,137
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 75.82
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Annual bonus schemes and the manipulation of earnings. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/0165-4101(94)00376-g
- The paper
- Holthausen, R. W., Larcker, D. F., & Sloan, R. G. (1995). Annual bonus schemes and the manipulation of earnings. Journal of Accounting and Economics. https://doi.org/10.1016/0165-4101(94)00376-g
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
