Cited by 1,163Personality Traits and PsychologyPsychological Testing and AssessmentPsychometric Methodologies and Testing

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Age norms for impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy in adults

Eysenck, Sybil B.G., Pearson, P.R., Easting, G., Allsopp, J.F.·1985·Personality and Individual Differences

DOI 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90011-x

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Eysenck, 1981, Impulsiveness and antisocial behaviour in children, Curr. Psychol. Res., 1, 31, 10.1007/BF02684423 · DOI
Eysenck, 1963, On the dual nature of Extraversion, Br. J. soc. clin. Psychol., 2, 46, 10.1111/j.2044-8260.1963.tb00375.x · DOI
Eysenck, 1978, Impulsiveness and Venturesomeness: their postion in a dimensional system of personality description, Psychol. Rep., 43, 1247, 10.2466/pr0.1978.43.3f.1247 · DOI
Eysenck, 1980, Impulsiveness and Venturesomeness in children, Person. individ. Diff., 1, 73, 10.1016/0191-8869(80)90006-9 · DOI
Eysenck, 1984, Age norms for Impulsiveness, Venturesomeness and Empathy in children, Person. individ. Diff., 5, 315, 10.1016/0191-8869(84)90070-9 · DOI
Eysenck, 1985, A revised version of the Psychoticism scale, Person. individ. Diff., 6, 21, 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90026-1 · DOI · Paper page

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Items 701–800 of 976

Venturesomeness, Impulsiveness, and Eysenck's Personality Dimensions: A Study Among Australian Adolescents
Heaven, P. C. L. (1991) · The Journal of Genetic Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221325.1991.9914681 · Cited by 14
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“84) and adequate construct validity (Eysenck et al., 1985).”
Can educational streaming be linked to personality? A possible link between extraversion, neuroticism, psychoticism and choice of subjects
Corulla, W. J., & Coghill, K. R. (1991) · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(91)90052-d · Cited by 13
The furneaux model of human problem solving: Its relationship to reaction time and intelligence
Frearson, W., Eysenck, H., & Barrett, P. (1990) · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90238-m · Cited by 13
A neuropsychological study of misophonia
Amitai Abramovitch, A., Herrera, T. A., & Etherton, J. L. (2023) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.jbtep.2023.101897 · Cited by 17
“The Eysenck Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy Questionnaire (I-7; Eysenck, Pearson, Easting, & Allsopp, 1985) The I-7 is a 54-item self-report questionnaire that utilizes a “ yes or no ” format and that includes three subscales: Impulsiveness, Venturesomeness (i.e., risk taking), and Empathy.”
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Adverse childhood experiences and risky behaviors in male college students
Schafer, E. (2021) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2021.1950731 · Cited by 12
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Parallel role for the dopamine D1 receptor in gambling and amphetamine reinforcement in healthy volunteers
Zack, M., Lobo, D., Biback, C., Fang, T., Smart, K., Tatone, D., Kalia, A., Digiacomo, D., & Kennedy, J. (2017) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881116665329 · Cited by 12
“The Eysenck Impulsiveness Scale (EIS; Eysenck et al., 1985) assessed trait impulsivity.”
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Psychological pathway to suicidal ideation among men who have sex with men in Shanghai, China: A structural equation model
Li, R., Cai, Y., Wang, Y., Gan, F., & Shi, R. (2016) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.09.002 · Cited by 13
Youth in the Netherlands Study (JOiN): study design
Huizink, A., Greaves-Lord, K., Evans, B., Euser, A. S., van der Ende, J., Verhulst, F., & Franken, I. (2012) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-12-350 · Cited by 12
“Moreover, personality traits encompassing three related personality traits of impulsivity, sensation seeking tendencies and sensitivity for reward were assessed, using the I(7) questionnaire [15,16], the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (BSSS; [14]) and BIS/BAS scales [13,28], respectively.”
Method
Impulsivity, mood and the contingent negative variation in women with and without premenstrual changes in impulsive behaviour
Howard, R., Mason, P., & Ebrahim, T. (1994) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)90188-0 · Cited by 12
Inhibitory Control and Drug Abuse Prevention
Bardo, M. T., Fishbein, D. H., & Milich, R. S. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1268-8 · Cited by 66
Comorbidity of Pathological Gambling: clinical variables, personality and response to treatment
Jiménez‐Múrcia, S., Granero, R., Fernández‐Aranda, F., Moya, E. Á., Aymamí, M., Gómez‐Peña, M., Bueno, B., Santamaría, J., Moragas, L., Penelo, E., et al. (2009) · Revista de Psiquiatría y Salud Mental (English Edition) · doi:10.1016/s2173-5050(09)70050-0 · Cited by 13
An evaluation of the self‐report instruments assessing self‐control: A systematic review
Gökalp, Z. Ş., & Haktanır, A. (2022) · Scandinavian Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1111/sjop.12881 · Cited by 11
Assessing reactive violence using Immersive Virtual Reality
Terbeck, S., Case, C., Turner, J., Spencer, V., Bacon, A. M., Howard, C., & Howard, I. S. (2022) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0268191 · Cited by 15
“Specifically, researchers have most often implemented measures of the variables that are thought to underlie and precipitate aggression such as irritability, hostility, impulsivity, and anger [8–10].”
Background
The German Three Factor Impulsivity Index: Confirmatory factor analysis and ties to demographic and health-related variables
Javelle, F., Wiegand, M., Joormann, J., Timpano, K., Zimmer, P., & Johnson, S. L. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.110470 · Cited by 11
“, 2019), age (Eysenck et al., 1985), sleep disturbance (Miller & Rucas, 2012), substance abuse (Whiteside & Lynam, 2003) and psychological disorders (Berg et al.”
Background
Efficacy of different versions of Aggression Replacement Training (ART): A review
Ensafdaran, F., Krahé, B., Njad, S. B., & Arshadi, N. (2019) · Aggression and Violent Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.avb.2019.02.006 · Cited by 11
Pairing Neutral Cues with Alcohol Intoxication: New Findings in Executive and Attention Networks
Oberlin, B. G., Dzemidzic, M., Eiler, W. J. A. I., Carron, C. R., Soeurt, C. M., Plawecki, M., Grahame, N., O'Connor, S., & Kareken, D. (2018) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-018-4968-7 · Cited by 11
A reinforcement sensitivity model of affective and behavioral dysregulation in marijuana use and associated problems.
Emery, N. N., & Simons, J. S. (2017) · Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000131 · Cited by 11
Personality and Addiction: A Critical Review of Assessment Approaches
Miller, J. D., & Lynam, D. R. (2013) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781118384404.ch5 · Cited by 13
Poor Control Strengthens the Association Between Sensation Seeking and Disgust Reactions
Dvorak, R. D., Simons, J. S., & Wray, T. B. (2011) · Journal of Individual Differences · doi:10.1027/1614-0001/a000054 · Cited by 7
Dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability and venturesomeness
Bernow, N., Yakushev, I. Y., Landvogt, C., Buchholz, H., Smolka, M. N., Bartenstein, P., Lieb, K., Gründer, G., Vernaleken, I., Schreckenberger, M., et al. (2011) · Psychiatry Research Neuroimaging · doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2011.01.011 · Cited by 10
“Due to its high internal consistency (Eysenck et al., 1990) and reliability (Eysenck et al., 1985, 1990; Caci et al., 2003; Lijffijt et al., 2005), the I7has been repeatedly used in thefieldof genetics (e.g. Benko et al., 2010), clinical psychiatry (e.g. Clark et al., 2009; Johnson et al., 2010),…”
Method
Measuring victim empathy among mentally disordered offenders: Validating VERA-2
Young, S., Sedgwick, O., Perkins, D. E., Lister, H., Southgate, K., Das, M., Kumari, V., Bishopp, D., & Gudjonsson, G. H. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.10.009 · Cited by 9
The Intensity of Behavioral Restraint: Determinants and Cardiovascular Correlates
Wright, R. A., & Agtarap, S. D. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4939-1236-0_19 · Cited by 11
“They could do so broadly, as has been discussed in regard to personality dimensions such as impulsivity, extroversion, and sensation seeking (Eysenck et al. 1985; Revelle 1997; Zuckerman 2009).”
Background
Gene-environment interplay in alcoholism and other substance abuse disorders: Expressions of heritability and factors influencing vulnerabilities
Palomo, T., Kostrzewa, R. M., Beninger, R. J., & Archer, T. (2004) · Neurotoxicity Research · doi:10.1007/bf03033309 · Cited by 14
The prediction of drug dependence from expectancy for hostility while intoxicated.
Walter, D., Nagoshi, C., Muntaner, C., & Haertzen, C. (1990) · International Journal of the Addictions · doi:10.3109/10826089009058877 · Cited by 11
Factors influencing emotional driving: examining the impact of arousal on the interplay between age, personality, and driving behaviors
Shangguan, Z., Han, X., Mrhasli, Y. E., Lyu, N., & Tapus, A. (2025) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2025.1487493 · Cited by 13
“…with the Eysenck personality theory, which suggests that individuals with high levels of Extraversion exhibit a carefree and less inhibited disposition, potentially leading to more aggressive driving behaviors and a tendency to disregard regulations (Eysenck et al., 1985; Renner and Anderle, 2000).”
Impulsivity dimensions and their associations with disinhibited and actual eating behaviour
Goodwin, A. L., Butler, G., & Nikčević, A. V. (2023) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101752 · Cited by 13
Go Greener, Less Risk: Access to Nature Is Associated with Lower Risk Taking in Different Domains during the COVID-19 Lockdown
Panno, A., Theodorou, A., Carbone, G. A., Longis, E. D., Massullo, C., Cepale, G., Carrus, G., Imperatori, C., & Sanesi, G. (2021) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su131910807 · Cited by 14
“Impulsiveness was measured using the Italian validation of the I7 impulsiveness– venturesomeness–empathy Scale [88,89].”
Method
Psychological factors of aggressive behaviour in patients of forensic psychiatry wards with the diagnosis of schizophrenia
Markiewicz, I., Pilszyk, A., & Kudlak, G. (2020) · International Journal of Law and Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.ijlp.2020.101612 · Cited by 10
Not so fast: Individual differences in impulsiveness are only a modest predictor of cognitive reflection
Littrell, S., Fugelsang, J., & Risko, E. F. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109678 · Cited by 10
“Though there exists a number of self-report impulsiveness measures (e.g., BIS/BAS, Dickman Impulsivity Scale, Momentary Impulsivity Scale), we chose to focus on the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (Patton et al., 1995) and the Eysenck I 7 Impulsiveness Scale (Eysenck, Pearson, Easing, & Allsopp, 1985) as they are two of t…”
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The influence of harm avoidance and impulsivity on delay discounting rates
Howe, L. K., & Finn, P. (2019) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2019.109564 · Cited by 13
Neurocognitive dysfunction in problem gamblers with co-occurring antisocial personality disorder.
Blum, A. W., Leppink, E. W., & Grant, J. (2017) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.05.004 · Cited by 10
“The EIQ is a 54-item, self-report measure assessing three facets of personality, including impulsivity (failure to evaluate risk), venturesomeness (conscious acceptance of risk), and empathy (ability to identify with the experiences of others) [26].”
Background
Differential cardiovascular and hypothalamic pituitary response to amphetamine in male pathological gamblers versus healthy controls
Zack, M., Boileau, I., Payer, D., Chugani, B., Lobo, D., Houle, S., Wilson, A., Warsh, J., & Kish, S. (2015) · Journal of Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1177/0269881115592338 · Cited by 10
“1), for males aged 30–39 on this scale in the general population (Eysenck et al., 1985), as was the score on the Eysenck Lie Scale, supporting the validity of the scores.”
MethodResultInfluential
The Temporal Relationship Between Momentary Affective States and Condom Use in Depressed Adolescents
Blood, E., & Shrier, L. (2013) · Archives of Sexual Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10508-012-0048-y · Cited by 10
The ACID-Survey: Methodology and Design of an Online Survey to Assess Alcohol and Recreational Cocaine Use and its Consequences for Traffic Safety
Verster, J., Kuerten, Y., Olivier, B., & van Laar, M. V. (2010) · The Open Addiction Journal · doi:10.2174/1874941001003010024 · Cited by 10
“Frequency of past year drug use (including cannabis, cocaine, speed, amphetamines, GHB, ecstasy, ketamine, LSD and magic mushrooms) was recorded.”
Background
Validation de la version française du questionnaire I7 d’impulsivité. Influence de la personnalité, du sexe et de la religion
Zimmermann, G., Rossier, J., & de Stadelhofen, F. M. (2004) · doi:10.1016/j.amp.2003.02.001 · Cited by 10
Passive avoidance learning as a function of Cloninger's temperament typology: an extension to male undergraduates
Chapman, A., Mayer, J. L., Specht, M. W., Farmer, R. F., & Field, C. E. (2003) · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(02)00371-9 · Cited by 10
Task persistence after alcohol consumption among children of alcoholics.
Baer, J., Novick, N. J., & Hummel-schluger, A. O. (1995) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.1995.tb00973.x · Cited by 10
Lack of self-monitoring competency in aggressive schizophrenics
Rasmussen, K., & Levander, S. (1993) · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90067-d · Cited by 10
Sensory nerve conduction and intelligence: A replication
Barrett, P., & Eysenck, H. (1993) · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(93)90214-n · Cited by 10
Too strict or too loose? Perfectionism and impulsivity: the relation with eating disorder symptoms using a person-centered approach.
Boone, L., Claes, L., & Luyten, P. (2014) · Eating Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.eatbeh.2013.10.013 · Cited by 10
Impulsivity and Deviance
Lynam, D. R. (2011) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1268-8_8 · Cited by 12
Blood groups and personality characteristics
Gupta, S. (1990) · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90246-n · Cited by 10
Cognitive tasks, anatomical MRI, and functional MRI data evaluating the construct of self-regulationPreprint
Bissett, P. G., Eisenberg, I. W., Shim, S., Rios, J. A. H., Jones, H. M., Hagen, M. P., Enkavi, A. Z., Li, J. K., Mumford, J. A., MacKinnon, D. P., et al. (2023) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2023.09.27.559869 · Cited by 9
Do drivers need spiritual fitness? The mediating effect of spiritual fitness on the relationship between personality traits and risky driving behaviours
Mamcarz, P. (2023) · Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour · doi:10.1016/j.trf.2023.05.016 · Cited by 9
Protective consumption behavior under smog: using a data-driven dynamic Bayesian network
Yuan, Y., & Fan, B. (2022) · Environment Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-022-02875-6 · Cited by 12
“Although protective consumption behavior is often emotion related (Eysenck et al., 1985; Kim et al., 2022), the public must still consider product-related factors in the decision to purchase anti-smog air purifiers.”
Translating preclinical models of alcohol seeking and consumption into the human laboratory using intravenous alcohol self‐administration paradigms
Cyders, M. A., Plawecki, M. H., Whitt, Z. T., Kosobud, A., Kareken, D. A., Zimmermann, U. S., & O’Connor, S. (2021) · Addiction Biology · doi:10.1111/adb.13016 · Cited by 13
Quality of life of young adults with non-paraphilic problematic sexual behaviors: An exploratory study
Blum, A. W., Chamberlain, S. R., & Grant, J. E. (2018) · Addictive Behaviors Reports · doi:10.1016/j.abrep.2018.10.003 · Cited by 12
Maladaptive personality traits and thinking styles among adolescent regular gamblers: A moderator mediation model
Pace, U., & Passanisi, A. (2018) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2018.05.030 · Cited by 9
Alcohol-induced impairment of balance is antagonized by energy drinks
Marczinski, C., Fillmore, M., Stamates, A., & Maloney, S. F. (2017) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/acer.13521 · Cited by 9
“The Eysenck Impulsiveness Questionnaire (Eysenck et al., 1985) assesses impulsivity using 19 yes/no questions.”
Validation of the Impulsive/Premeditated Aggression Scale in Mexican psychiatric patients
Romans, L., Fresán, A., Sentíes, H., Sarmiento, E., Berlanga, C., Robles, R., & Tovilla‐Zárate, C. A. (2014) · Nordic Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/08039488.2014.994033 · Cited by 8
“the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (22) and the Impulsiveness Inventory (23)] do not address IA itself.”
Background
Study protocol for the evaluation of an Infant Simulator based program delivered in schools: a pragmatic cluster randomised controlled trial
Brinkman, S., Johnson, S. E., Lawrence, D., Codde, J. P., Hart, M. B., Straton, J., & Silburn, S. (2010) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-11-100 · Cited by 9
“Additionally, at six months the participants were assessed on measures of impulsivity, venturesomeness and empathy using the Eysenck scales [42].”
Method
Impulsive-Aggression, Antisocial Behaviour and Subclinical Psychopathy: Preliminary Findings From an Undergraduate Female Sample
Crawley, T., & Martin, F. H. (2006) · Psychiatry Psychology and Law · doi:10.1375/pplt.13.2.232 · Cited by 9
Passive avoidance learning as a function of behavioral inhibition and activation among female inmates
Gremore, T., Chapman, A., & Farmer, R. F. (2005) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2005.03.011 · Cited by 9
Injury among detoxification patients: alcohol users' greater risk.
Rees, V., Horton, N. J., Hingson, R., Saitz, R., & Samet, J. (2002) · Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research · doi:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2002.tb02526.x · Cited by 9
The Relationship Between Independent and Interdependent Self-Concepts and Reasons for Purchase
Lee, J., & Kacen, J. J. (2000) · Journal of Euromarketing · doi:10.1300/j037v08n01_06 · Cited by 9
The Comrey personality scales in Russian: A study of concurrent, predictive, and external validity☆
Brief, D., Comrey, A. L., & Collins, B. (1994) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/0191-8869(94)90115-5 · Cited by 9
Impulsivity and Treatment Outcomes in Individuals with Cocaine Use Disorder: Examining the Gap Between Interest and Adherence
Luba, R., Carpenter, K. M., Evans, S., Slonim, J., & Foltin, R. (2023) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2023.2201851 · Cited by 8
“Self-report measures of impulsivity included Eysenck’s Impulsivity Questionnaire (IQ; Eysenck et al., 1985), the Sensation Seeking Scale (SSS; Zuckerman et al., 1978), the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavioral Scale (Lynam et al., 2006), the Multidimensional Mood State Questionnaire (MDMQ; Mann et al.,…”
Method
Empathy Deficits in Individuals Convicted of a Sexual Offense: A Systematic Literature Review
Tibbels, S., Benbouriche, M., & Przygodzki-Lionet, N. (2022) · Victims & Offenders · doi:10.1080/15564886.2022.2137614 · Cited by 8
The effects of oral and vaporized cannabis alone, and in combination with alcohol, on driving performance using the STISIM driving simulator: A two-part, double-blind, double-dummy, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover clinical laboratory protocol
Zamarripa, C., Novak, M., Weerts, E., Vandrey, R., & Spindle, T. R. (2022) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2022.964749 · Cited by 8
“, 2003), the Eysenck Impulsivity Questionnaire (Eysenck et al., 1985), and the driving history questionnaire (Kidd and Huddleston, 1994; Owsley et al.”
Background
Appetitive Needs and Addiction
Sussman, S. Y., & Pakdaman, S. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108632591.004 · Cited by 12
Psychopathy, impulsivity, and personality structure
Ben-Yaacov, T., & Glicksohn, J. (2020) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/j.paid.2020.109960 · Cited by 8
Examining the Influence of Mood on the Bright Side and the Dark Side of Creativity
Yefet, M., & Glicksohn, J. (2020) · The Journal of creative behavior · doi:10.1002/jocb.454 · Cited by 8
Fast or safe? The role of impulsiveness in laparoscopic simulator performance.
Kengen, B., IJgosse, W., van Goor, H., & Luursema, J. (2020) · American Journal of Surgery · doi:10.1016/j.amjsurg.2020.02.056 · Cited by 8
Dietary intake of tryptophan tied emotion-related impulsivity in humans.
Javelle, F., Li, D., Zimmer, P., & Johnson, S. L. (2019) · International journal for vitamin and nutrition research. Internationale Zeitschrift fur Vitamin- und Ernahrungsforschung. Journal international de vitaminologie et de nutrition · doi:10.1024/0300-9831/a000608 · Cited by 8
Disinhibited Personality, Incentives, Disincentives, and Drinking-Related Decisions
Finn, P., Fisher, L. R., Mayer, H. M., Ingram, P., Howe, L. K., & Atkinson, E. A. (2019) · Alcohol · doi:10.1016/j.alcohol.2019.08.004 · Cited by 8
The relationship between impulsivity and panic disorder-agoraphobia: The role of affective temperament.
Beşirli, A. (2018) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/j.psychres.2018.03.021 · Cited by 8
La vigilance entrepreneuriale : les antécédents liés au sommeil du dirigeant de PME
Guiliani, F. (2016) · theses.fr (ABES) · doi:10.70675/b6e21fb5zb980z42f7zbf75zf24918531a0a · Cited by 2
Neuronal and psychological underpinnings of pathological gambling
Singer, B. F., Anselme, P., Robinson, M. J. F., & Vezina, P. (2014) · Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnbeh.2014.00230 · Cited by 8
Effect of d-amphetamine on emotion-potentiated startle in healthy humans: implications for psychopathy and antisocial behaviour
Corr, P., & Kumari, V. (2012) · Psychopharmacology · doi:10.1007/s00213-012-2824-8 · Cited by 8
“Impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy sub-scales of the impulsiveness–venturesomeness–empathy questionnaire (IVE-7; Eysenck et al. 1985) were also taken.”
Background
Aggression im Strassenverkehr
Witthöft, J., Hofmann, M., & Petermann, F. (2011) · doi:10.1024/1661-4747/a000087 · Cited by 8
The Interaction Effect of Impulsivity and Responsibility in Relation to Obsessive–Compulsive Symptoms
Snorrason, I., Smári, J., & Ólafsson, R. (2011) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-009-9272-8 · Cited by 8
“…was assessed by the AD/HD-HI (attentional deficit hyperactivity disorder-hyperactivity-impulsivity) self-report scale (Magnússon et al. 2006), but not when impulsivity was assessed by the impulsiveness subscale of Eysenck’s impulsiveness—venturesomeness—empathy questionnaire (Eysenck et al. 1985).”
Method
The Temporolimbic Personality: A cross-national study
Ayçiçeği-Dinn, A., Dinn, W., & Caldwell-Harris, C. (2008) · The European Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.4321/s0213-61632008000400004 · Cited by 8
The Distribution of On‐Licence Beer and Cider Consumption and its Personality Determinants among Young Men
Allsopp, J. (1986) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/eum0000000004641 · Cited by 8
Self-citation
Personality Factors, Age, And Aggressive Driving: A Validation Using A Driving Simulator
Vázquez, J. (2013) · The Gerontologist · doi:10.1093/geront/gnv512.09 · Cited by 8
“, 1994), the Buss and Perry’s Aggression Questionnaire (Buss and Perry, 1992), and the impulsiveness scale of the Eysenck’s Impulsiveness Questionnaire (Eysenck et al., 1985).”
Method
Intention to Engage in Alcohol Use during Pregnancy: The Role of Attitudes and Prototypes
Fletcher, T. M. D., Mullan, B. A., & Finlay‐jones, A. L. (2023) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2023.2215292 · Cited by 7
“The Eysenck Impulsivity and Venturesomeness Scale was used (Eysenck et al., 1985).”
Method
Impulsivity, Consciousness and Defense Mechanisms of the Ego Among Pathological Gamblers
Ciobotaru, C., & Clinciu, A. I. (2021) · Journal of Gambling Studies · doi:10.1007/s10899-021-10035-0 · Cited by 7
“Eysenck’s Impulsivity Scale (EIS) The EIS (Eysenck et al.”
Method
Force of Habit: the Role of Routinized, Automatic Behaviors along the Path of Self-Regulation and Alcohol-Related Problems
Walters, K., & Simons, J. (2020) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1007/s12529-019-09845-9 · Cited by 7
“This was a latent factor with four indicators: (1) a 6-item measure of attention impulsivity [48], (2) a 6-item measure of distractibility [45], (3) a 7-item motor impulsivity measure [48], and (4) a 4-item measure of impulsivity [49].”
Background
Gifted ‘n the ‘hood: Gender and giftedness as predictors of social risk among low-income students
Bolland, A., Tomek, S., Besnoy, K. D., & Bolland, J. (2018) · Exceptionality · doi:10.1080/09362835.2017.1355801 · Cited by 7
Be fearless: Positive affect as a mediator between venturesomeness and self-efficacy in future entrepreneurs and managers
Basińska, B., & Dåderman, A. M. (2018) · European Review of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.erap.2018.08.001 · Cited by 9
Symptom Severity and Its Clinical Correlates in Kleptomania
Grant, J., & Chamberlain, S. (2018) · Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical Psychiatrists · doi:10.1177/104012371803000204 · Cited by 7
“16 The EIQ is a 54-question self-report measure comprised of 3 subscales: impulsivity, venturesomeness, and empathy.”
Influential
Fantastic and uninviting behavior: psychopathy, alcohol, and violence
Swogger, M. T., Montry, K. M., Walsh, Z., & Kosson, D. (2017) · Journal of Aggression, Conflict and Peace Research · doi:10.1108/jacpr-09-2017-0317 · Cited by 7
How Actions Taken (or not) Under Alcohol Influence Inhibitory Control and Perceived Impairment
Marczinski, C. (2017) · Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · doi:10.1037/pha0000117 · Cited by 7
Identifying the Rehabilitative Potential of Electronically Monitored Release Preparation: A Randomized Controlled Study in Germany
Schwedler, A., & Woessner, G. (2017) · International journal of offender therapy and comparative criminology · doi:10.1177/0306624x15612060 · Cited by 7
“articles (Eysenck et al., 1985; Eysenck et al., 1990), stem from established psychometric”
Method
Over-Selectivity is Related to Autism Quotient and Empathizing, But not to Systematizing
Reed, P. (2017) · Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s10803-016-2990-3 · Cited by 5
Celebrating St. Patrick’s Day: Students’ Expectations, Intent, and Behavior
Henslee, A. M., Irons, J. G., & Bonn-Miller, M. (2016) · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs · doi:10.1080/02791072.2016.1151575 · Cited by 7
“The Eysenck Impulsivity Scale (EPI; Eysenck et al. 1985) assessed participant impulsivity at baseline on a 19-item, yes/no scale (one point for each “yes” response).”
Method
Trait Impulsivity and Increased Pre-attentional Sensitivity to Intense Stimuli in Bipolar Disorder and Controls
Lijffijt, M., Lane, S., Moeller, F., Steinberg, J., & Swann, A. C. (2014) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.10.004 · Cited by 7
“We used the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) (Patton et al., 1995) and I7 Impulsiveness scale (Eysenck et al., 1985) to assess trait impulsivity.”
Method
Exploring the factor structure and the validity of the abbreviated Basic and Earning Self-Esteem Scales
Dåderman, A., & Basińska, B. (2013) · Nordic Psychology · doi:10.1080/19012276.2013.824202 · Cited by 7
“Cronbach’s alpha for the original version (Eysenck et al., 1985) was in the range of 0.84 (females) to 0.85 (males) for the IVE Venturesomeness Scale, and it was in the range of 0.83 (females) to 0.84 (males) for the IVE Impulsiveness Scale.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Role of Experiential Avoidance in Trauma, Substance Abuse, and Other Experiences
Pepper, S. E. (2012) · University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas) · doi:10.12794/metadc149651 · Cited by 5
A Psychometric Analysis of the Compulsive Sexual Behavior Inventory
Storholm, E., Fisher, D., Napper, L. E., Reynolds, G. L., & Halkitis, P. (2011) · Sexual Addiction & Compulsivity · doi:10.1080/10720162.2011.584057 · Cited by 7
“80 for both men and women ( Eysenck, Pearson, Eastings, & Allsopp, 1985 ) providing evidence of internal reliability.”
Background
The effects of realistic reward and risk on simulated gambling behavior.
Seifert, C., & Wulfert, E. (2011) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2010.00114.x · Cited by 7
Readiness to quit cigarette smoking, violence and psychopathology among arrested domestically violent men.
Stuart, G. L., Meehan, J. C., Moore, T. M., Hellmuth, J. C., Morean, M., & Follansbee, K. (2006) · American Journal on Addictions · doi:10.1080/10550490600626663 · Cited by 7
Psychometric Characteristics of the Psychopathic Personality Inventory in a Dutch-Speaking Population
Maesschalck, C., Vertommen, H., & Hooghe, A. (2002) · doi:10.1080/15305058.2002.9669492 · Cited by 7
“Eysenck et al. (1985) presented internal consistency coefficients (as measured by Cronbach’s α) at the subscale level between .69 and .84, with the lowest coefficient for the subscale labeled Empathy.”
Method
‘Safe’ Fantasy: The Self-Conscious Boundary between Wishing and Willing
Kunzendorf, R. G., Carrabino, C., & Capone, D. (1992) · doi:10.2190/3utb-2vx2-5tbf-7exb · Cited by 7
“The subject first completed Eysenck's seventh impulsivity questionnaire (h) [37], then completed Marks' Vividness of Visual Imagery Questionnaire (VVIQ) [38].”
Method
Chapter 7 – How the Impulsiveness and Venturesomeness Factors Evolved after the Measurement of Psychoticism
Eysenck, S. (2004) · doi:10.1016/b978-008044209-9/50008-7 · Cited by 7
Self-citation
Momentary Self-regulation: Scale Development and Preliminary Validation
Scherer, E. A., Kim, S. J., Metcalf, S. A., Sweeney, M. A., Wu, J., Xie, H., Mazza, G. L., Valente, M. J., MacKinnon, D. P., & Marsch, L. A. (2022) · JMIR Mental Health · doi:10.2196/35273 · Cited by 8
“The momentary mindfulness subscale was significantly associated with the trait-level suppression subscale of the ERQ, the nonjudging subscale of the FFMQ, the venturesomeness subscale of the I-7 (marginal, P=.05), the MAAS, the SSRQ, and the lack of premeditation and lack of perseverance subscales in the UPPS-P, indic…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
The Dickman Impulsivity Inventory: Validation and measurement invariance among Portuguese young adults
Pechorro, P. S., Revilla, R., Resende, M., Gonçalves, R. A., Nunes, C., & Cyders, M. A. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0260621 · Cited by 8
“Studies that have provided validity evidence of the DII often evaluate the two constructs in relation to the Impulsiveness-Venturesomeness-Empathy questionnaire [10, 16].”
Background

Authors: Eysenck, S. B. G., Pearson, P. R., Easting, G., & Allsopp, J. F.
Affiliations: University of London (GB)
University of Surrey (GB)
Cranfield University (GB)
ORCID: Allsopp, J.F.
Venue: Personality and Individual Differences
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1985-01
Volume: 6
Issue: 5
Pages: 613-619
ISSN: 0191-8869 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0191-8869(85)90011-x
OpenAlex: W2040874072
Cited by: 1,163
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 7 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 22 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 28 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 68 · 2019: 43 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 53 · 2013: 58 · 2012: 55
FWCI: 10.36
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Individual Differences (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Keywords: impulsivity, venturesomeness, empathy, age norms, personality traits, Big Five personality traits, psychoticism, extraversion, neuroticism

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Age norms for impulsiveness, venturesomeness and empathy in adults

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