The DOI matches its Crossref record; 18 of the 20 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A New Approach To Causal Inference in Mortality Studies With a Sustained Exposure Period - Application To Control of the Healthy Worker Survivor Effect
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“the biostatistics literature has focused on sequential random ignorability assumptions that impose that treatment in each period is random conditional on the path of covariates and realized outcomes, rather than parallel trends.”
From What's trending in difference-in-differences? A synthesis of the recent econometrics literature (2023) · cites this paper as Robins (1986)
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“Note also that the truncated factorization formula is not restricted to interventions on a single variable; it is applicable to simultaneous or sequential interventions such as those invoked in the analysis of time varying treatment with time varying confounders (Robins, 1986; Arjas and Parner, 2004).”
From Causal inference in statistics: An overview (2009) · cites this paper as Robins, 1986
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“Note also that the truncated factorization formula is not restricted to interventions on a single variable; it is applicable to simultaneous or sequential interventions such as those invoked in the analysis of time varying treatment with time varying confounders (Robins, 1986, Arjas andParner, 2004).”
From An Introduction to Causal Inference (2010) · cites this paper as Robins, 1986
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“the algebraic machinery offered by the counterfactual notation, Y x (u), once a problem is properly formalized, can be extremely powerful in refining assumptions (Angrist et al., 1996, Heckman andVytlacil, 2005), deriving consistent estimands (Robins, 1986), bounding probabilities of necessary and sufficient causation (Tian and Pearl, 2000), and combining data from experimental and nonexperimental”
From An Introduction to Causal Inference (2010) · cites this paper as Robins, 1986
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“They are assumed to be connected to observed variables via consistency constraints (Robins, 1986) such as X = x =⇒ Y x = Y,(32)”
From An Introduction to Causal Inference (2010) · cites this paper as Robins, 1986
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“Equitable vaccination coverage requires higher levels of coverage among those most at risk at the intersection of SARS-CoV-2 exposures, severity, and onward transmission(44-48).”
From Social inequalities in COVID-19 death by area-level income in 11.2 million people in Ontario, Canada: patterns over time and the mediating role of vaccination. (2026) · cites this paper as [44]
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Citations
Cites
Regression Models and Life-Tables
Cox, D. R. (1972) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B: Statistical Methodology · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x · Cited by 39,793
The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data.
Aitkin, M. A., Kalbfleisch, J. D., & Prentice, R. L. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530581 · Cited by 9,875
Bayesian inference for causal effects: The role of randomization
Rubin, D. B. (1978) · The Annals of Statistics · doi:10.1214/aos/1176344064 · Cited by 2,503
Conditional Independence in Statistical Theory
Dawid, A. P. (1979) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series B (Statistical Methodology) · doi:10.1111/j.2517-6161.1979.tb01052.x · Cited by 1,507
Information and Exponential Families in Statistical Theory.
Kingmán, J. F. C., & Barndorff-Nielsen, O. E. (1979) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2344658 · Cited by 1,188
The Consquences of Adjustment for a Concomitant Variable That Has Been Affected by the Treatment
Rosenbaum, P. R. (1984) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society. Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2981697 · Cited by 849
Multiplicative Models and Cohort Analysis
Breslow, N. E., Lubin, J. H., Marek, P. M., & Langholz, B. M. (1983) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1983.10477915 · Cited by 566
CONFOUNDING: ESSENCE AND DETECTION1
Miettinen, O. S., & Cook, E. F. (1981) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113225 · Cited by 350
Arsenic and Respiratory Cancer in Man: An Occupational Study
Lee, A. M., & Fraumeni, J. F. (1969) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/42.6.1045 · Cited by 253
General Relative-Risk Models for Survival Time and Matched Case-Control Analysis
Thomas, D. C. (1981) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2530149 · Cited by 183
Survival Times: Aspects of Partial Likelihood
Oakes, D. (1981) · International Statistical Review · doi:10.2307/1402606 · Cited by 156
On the Nature and Discovery of Structure
Pratt, J. W., & Schlaifer, R. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1984.10477054 · Cited by 154
SOME CONFOUNDING FACTORS IN THE STUDY OF MORTALITY AND OCCUPATIONAL EXPOSURES
Gilbert, E. S. (1982) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113392 · Cited by 139
Estimation of Response Probabilities from Augmented Retrospective Observations
Hsieh, D. A., Manski, C. F., & McFadden, D. L. (1985) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1985.10478165 · Cited by 137
Lung Cancer Mortality Among U.S. Uranium Miners: A Reappraisal 2
Whittemore, A. S., & McMillan, A. (1983) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/71.3.489 · Cited by 115
Case-control studies for the evaluation of screening
Sasco, A. J., Day, N., & Walter, S. D. (1986) · Journal of Chronic Diseases · doi:10.1016/0021-9681(86)90126-8 · Cited by 99
EXPOSURE OPPORTUNITY IN CASE-CONTROL STUDIES
Poole, C. (1986) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a114244 · Cited by 42
Comment: Estimating the Effects Caused by Treatments
Rosenbaum, P. R., & Rubin, D. B. (1984) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1080/01621459.1984.10477057 · Cited by 32
Research works printed but not linked: 5
- Robins, 1984, A statistical method to control for the healthy worker effect in intracohort comparisons, Am. J. Epidemiology, 120, 465
- Robins, 1985, A new theory of causality in observational survival studies—Application to the healthy worker effect, Biometrics, 41, 331
- Robins, 1986, Some theorems relating to causal tree graphs
- Thomas, 1977, Methods of cohort analysis. Appraisal by application to asbestos mining (with discussion), J. R. Statist. Soc., A140, 469
- Breslow, 1972, Contribution to discussion of paper by D.R. Cox, J. R. Statist. Soc., B34, 216
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Difference-in-Differences with multiple time periods
Callaway, B., & Sant’Anna, P. H. C. (2021) · Journal of Econometrics · doi:10.1016/j.jeconom.2020.12.001 · Cited by 9,126
Marginal Structural Models and Causal Inference in Epidemiology
Robins, J. M., Hernán, M. Á., & Brumback, B. (2000) · Epidemiology · doi:10.1097/00001648-200009000-00011 · Cited by 5,581
Self-citationCausal Inference for Statistics, Social, and Biomedical Sciences: An Introduction
Imbens, G. W., & Rubin, D. B. (2015) · doi:10.1017/cbo9781139025751 · Cited by 4,210
Making things happen: a theory of causal explanation
(2004) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.41-5840 · Cited by 3,383
Using Big Data to Emulate a Target Trial When a Randomized Trial Is Not Available: Table 1.
Hernán, M. A., & Robins, J. M. (2016) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwv254 · Cited by 3,115
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Robins, J.
- Affiliations
- Harvard University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Robins, James
- ORCID
- Robins, James
- Venue
- Mathematical Modelling
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1986
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 9-12
- Pages
- 1393-1512
- ISSN
- 0270-0255 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2082299845
- Cited by
- 2,451
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2026: 148 · 2025: 177 · 2024: 221 · 2023: 167 · 2022: 182 · 2021: 167 · 2020: 170 · 2019: 137 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 104 · 2016: 99 · 2015: 98 · 2014: 100 · 2013: 67 · 2012: 85
- FWCI
- 4.45
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Mathematical Modelling (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Advanced Causal Inference Techniques
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods in Epidemiology
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Inference
- Keywords
- causal inference, mortality studies, healthy worker survivor effect, occupational mortality, arsenic exposure, copper smelter workers, lung cancer mortality, all-cause mortality, causal graphical models, mortality risk factors
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