Cited by 5,380Multi-Criteria Decision MakingGame Theory and Voting SystemsStrategic Planning and Analysis

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The analytic hierarchy process—what it is and how it is used

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Saaty, R.W.·1987·Mathematical Modelling

DOI 10.1016/0270-0255(87)90473-8

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Saaty, 1982, Decision Making for Leaders
Saaty, 1986, Absolute and relative measurement with the AHP. The most livable cities in the United States, Socio-econ. Plann. Sci., 20, 327, 10.1016/0038-0121(86)90043-1 · DOI
Saaty, 1987, Stimulus—response with reciprocal kernels: the rise and fall of sensation, J. math. Sci.
Aczél, 1983, Procedures for synthesizing ratio judgements, J. math. Psychol., 27, 93, 10.1016/0022-2496(83)90028-7 · DOI
Hämäläinen, 1986, The analytic network process in energy policy planning, Socio-econ. Plann. Sci., 20, 399, 10.1016/0038-0121(86)90054-6 · DOI
Harker, 1987, Alternative modes of questioning in the Analytic Hierarchy Process, Mathl Modelling, 9, 353, 10.1016/0270-0255(87)90492-1 · DOI
Saaty, 1984, Inconsistency and rank preservation, J. math. Psychol., 28, 205, 10.1016/0022-2496(84)90027-0 · DOI
Saaty, 1986, Axiomatic foundation of the Analytic Hierarchy Process, Mgmt Sci., 32, 841, 10.1287/mnsc.32.7.841 · DOI
Saaty, 1987, Rank generation, preservation and reversal in the Analytic Hierarchy Process, Decis. Sci., 10.1111/j.1540-5915.1987.tb01514.x · DOI
Aczél, 1987, Synthesizing judgements: a functional equations approach, Mathl Modelling, 9, 311, 10.1016/0270-0255(87)90487-8 · DOI
Vargas, 1982, Reciprocal matrices with random coefficients, J. math. Modelling, 3, 69, 10.1016/0270-0255(82)90013-6 · DOI
Zahedi, 1986, The Analytic Hierarchy Process—a survey of the method and its applications, Interfaces, 16, 96, 10.1287/inte.16.4.96 · DOI

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Consumer shift behavior from conventional to Islamic banking: decision-making analysis through AHP
Ahmad, M. I., Zafar, M. B., & Perveen, A. (2024) · Journal of Islamic Marketing · doi:10.1108/jima-02-2023-0036 · Cited by 16
A pathway to 25% reduction in greenhouse gas emission by 2030 using GIS-Based multi-criteria decision making for renewables, date palm (phoenix dactylifera), and carbon credits: a case for Qatar
Bilal, H., Okonkwo, E. C., & Al-Ansari, T. (2024) · Frontiers in Energy Research · doi:10.3389/fenrg.2024.1272993 · Cited by 16
CONSTRAINED OPTIMIZATION OF AN INTEGRAL SECURITY INDICATOR FOR ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT OF HAZARDOUS FACILITIES
Hashimov, E., Akhundov, R., Talibov, A., & Islamov, I. (2026) · Grail of Science · doi:10.36074/grail-of-science.20.02.2026.109 · Cited by 15
“The Analytic Hierarchy Process is one of the most widely used frameworks for deriving weights and quantifying priorities, providing a practical tool for aggregating diverse indicators into a single integral function [2].”
Unveiling groundwater gems: A GIS-powered fusion of AHP and TOPSIS for mapping groundwater potential zones
Ray, S. (2025) · Groundwater for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2025.101431 · Cited by 15
Multi-criteria feature selection on maritime emission abatement alternatives
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“Let ∼ C be the binary relation “ indifference ” (Saaty, 1987).”
Integrating agricultural land suitability and farmers' perception on crop selection in a water-stressed region of eastern India
Jaman, M. H., Roy, S., Chatterjee, J., Das, S., Mistri, P., & Sengupta, S. (2025) · Agricultural Systems · doi:10.1016/j.agsy.2024.104171 · Cited by 15
Assessing Zero-Emission Vehicles from the Customer’s Perspective by Using a Multi-Criteria Framework
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Assessing land suitability for leguminous crops in the okavango river basin: A multicriteria and machine learning approach
Negussie, K., Gebrekidan, B., Wyss, D., & Kappas, M. (2024) · International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation · doi:10.1016/j.jag.2024.104284 · Cited by 15
“Based on Saaty (1987), the relative scale ranges between 1 indicating “ both criteria contribute equally to the objective ” and 9 representing “ evidence favors a criterion over another in the highest possible order ” .”
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Navigating sustainability: key factors in prioritising Sustainable Development Goals
Asadikia, A., Rajabifard, A., & Kalantari, M. (2024) · Sustainability Science · doi:10.1007/s11625-024-01561-y · Cited by 15
“A consistency index of zero, which corresponds to a consistency ratio, would represent perfectly consistent judgements (Whitaker 1987).”
Incorporating public perception of Renewable Energy Landscapes in local spatial planning tools: A case study in Mediterranean countries
Codemo, A., Ghislanzoni, M., Prados, M.-J., & Albatici, R. (2024) · Applied Geography · doi:10.1016/j.apgeog.2024.103358 · Cited by 15
Building solar integrated energy systems considering power and heat coordination: Optimization and evaluation
Liu, W.-L., Wang, J.-J., & Wang, Y. (2024) · Solar Energy · doi:10.1016/j.solener.2024.112821 · Cited by 15
A comprehensive decision-making approach for the application of biochar in agriculture to enhance water security: A GIS-AHP based approach
Pradhan, S., Lahlou, F., Ghiat, I., Bilal, H., McKay, G., & Al‐Ansari, T. A. (2024) · Environmental Technology & Innovation · doi:10.1016/j.eti.2024.103801 · Cited by 23
Identification, ranking and prioritization of Key Performance Indicators for evaluating greenness of manufactured products
Gautam, A., Khan, Z. A., Gani, A., & Asjad, M. (2024) · Green Technologies and Sustainability · doi:10.1016/j.grets.2024.100114 · Cited by 15
Assessment of Barriers to Wind Energy Development Using Analytic Hierarchy Process
Das, P., Amin, S. M. M., Lipu, M. S., Urooj, S., Ashique, R. H., Mansur, A. A., & Islam, M. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152215774 · Cited by 15
Customizing the green pyramid rating system for assessing university buildings' sustainability: A stakeholder-involved weighting approach
Arafat, M. Y., Faggal, A., Khodeir, L., & Refaat, T. (2023) · Alexandria Engineering Journal · doi:10.1016/j.aej.2023.10.013 · Cited by 15
Determination of logistics center locations in Türkiye using AHP-based TOPSIS methods
Ekici, Ü., Akay, M. E., & Moslem, S. (2026) · Transportation Research Interdisciplinary Perspectives · doi:10.1016/j.trip.2026.101967 · Cited by 14
Hybrid AHP-VIKOR methodology for multi-criteria decision-making in marine renewable energy systems: Optimizing DC-DC buck converters for sustainable offshore applications.
Ma, Y.-Y., Zhi, G., Alfarraj, O., Alblehai, F., & Yu, J. (2025) · Marine Pollution Bulletin · doi:10.1016/j.marpolbul.2025.117809 · Cited by 14
Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process-Based Investment Risk Evaluation for Infrastructure Construction Projects
Zhao, X., Xue, W., Liu, K., Guo, F., & Chen, M. (2025) · Buildings · doi:10.3390/buildings15050756 · Cited by 14
“Values of 2, 4, 6, and 8 were used as intermediate values between the adjacent judgments [33,35,36].”
Optimization of Artificial Intelligence Algorithm Selection: PIPRECIA-S Model and Multi-Criteria Analysis
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Assessment of flood susceptibility in Cachar district of Assam, India using GIS-based multi-criteria decision-making and analytical hierarchy process
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“To evaluate the consistency of judgements, one can use the consistency ratio (Saaty 1990).”
Promoting the use of geopolymer and alkali-activated materials through the identification of critical factors and strategies
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Modelling spatiotemporal patterns of wildfire risk in the Garden Route District biodiversity hotspots using analytic hierarchy process in South Africa
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“…the weights of each element by their weight and calculating the average of the resulting eigenvalues. where CR is the Consistency Ratio (CR), which is the ratio of the pairwise comparison matrix, while the Random Index (RI) is a function of n described by Satty (1987) AHP literature Table 2.”
DEMATEL-Based ANP Model for Identifying Critical Indicators in Sustainable Emergency Material Reserve Systems
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Towards a Refined Heuristic Evaluation: Incorporating Hierarchical Analysis for Weighted Usability Assessment
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“54 However, the Delphi method often uses the opinion of geographically dispersed experts.”
Wastewater management decision‐making: A literature review and synthesis
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“AHP allows the facilitators to check the consistency of the pairwise comparison results (Saaty, 1987), but the decision is often subjective as AHP inherently relies on the opinions of decision-makers and stakeholders.”
Background
Introducing an integrative evaluation framework for assessing the sustainability of different types of urban agriculture
John, H., & Artmann, M. (2024) · International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development · doi:10.1080/19463138.2024.2317795 · Cited by 17
“Only consistent judgements with a consistency ratio (CR) less than 0.1 (Saaty 1987) were then used to compute the aggregated weight for each criterion and sub-criterion by calculating normalised geometric means.”
Influential
A Study on Sustainable Design of Traditional Tujia Village Architecture in Southwest Hubei, China
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“The consistency index is defined as The consistency ratio ( CR ) is calculated using the average random index ( RI ) value (Table 4) to determine the level of consistency [46].”
Method
Proposal of a Combined AHP-PROMETHEE Decision Support Tool for Selecting Sustainable Machining Process Based on Toolpath Strategy and Manufacturing Parameters
Slama, H. B., Gaha, R., Tlija, M., Chatti, S., & Benamara, A. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152416861 · Cited by 14
“Originated by Saaty [53], the AHP proves effective in addressing problems related to prioritizing alternative solutions.”
BackgroundMethod
Coastal vulnerability assessment along the coast of Kerala, India, based on physical, geological, and socio-economic parameters
K, S., V, A., & Agilan, V. (2023) · Marine Geodesy · doi:10.1080/01490419.2023.2285944 · Cited by 14
“The AHP is utilized to determine proportion scales from discrete and continuous combined correlations (Saaty 1987).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
BIM-Supporting System by Integrating Risk Management and Value Management
Alfahad, A. A., & Burhan, A. M. (2023) · Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research · doi:10.48084/etasr.6427 · Cited by 14
Investigation on 1-Propanol Electronic mode of fumigation on diesel engine performance and emission fulled with diesel and lemongrass biodiesel blend using AHP- COPRAS
Manivasagam, V., Narayanan, P., Gupta, N. K., Shinde, T., Panchal, H., Thangavel, R., Choudhary, A. K., Kumar, V., Sukumaran, A., Muthusamy, S., et al. (2023) · Energy Conversion and Management: X · doi:10.1016/j.ecmx.2023.100468 · Cited by 14
How flexible are energy flexibilities? Developing a flexibility score for revenue and risk analysis in industrial demand-side management
Rusche, S., Weissflog, J., Wenninger, S., & Häckel, B. (2023) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121351 · Cited by 14
CMPN: Modeling and analysis of soccer teams using Complex Multiplex Passing Network
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Development of a new set of Heuristics for the evaluation of Human-Robot Interaction in industrial settings: Heuristics Robots Experience (HEUROBOX)
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Development of a watershed health assessment framework integrating ecological, social, cultural, economic and policy attributes
Talampas, S. I., Shrestha, S., Mohanasundaram, S., & Loc, H. (2023) · International Journal of River Basin Management · doi:10.1080/15715124.2023.2242830 · Cited by 14
“Moreover, it is extensively used in multiple criteria decision making, planning, and resource allocation (Saaty, 1987), and yields plausible results in complex group decision making processes (Yavuz & Baycan, 2013).”
A Study on Industrial Heritage Renewal Strategy Based on Hybrid Bayesian Network
Han, R., & Yang, S. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su151310707 · Cited by 14
“It utilizes mathematical techniques to articulate the problem requiring resolution and is speciﬁcally tailored for large-scale applications [89].”
Method
Semantic Segmentation of Gastric Polyps in Endoscopic Images Based on Convolutional Neural Networks and an Integrated Evaluation Approach
Yan, T., Qin, Y. Y., Wong, P. K., Ren, H., Wong, C. H., Yao, L., Hu, Y., Chan, C. I., Gao, S., & Chan, P. P. (2023) · Bioengineering · doi:10.3390/bioengineering10070806 · Cited by 18
“The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is well-known and widely used [25].”
Method
A Measurement Tool for the Competitiveness of Startups’ Innovation Ecosystem
Saccol, P. C., Siluk, J., Michelin, C. D. F., Rigo, P. D., Neuenfeldt, Á., Rosa, C. B., & da Silva, W. V. (2023) · Journal of the Knowledge Economy · doi:10.1007/s13132-023-01170-7 · Cited by 14
“Saaty (1987) defines as first AHP step as the process of identifying the problem context to establish the type of input data necessary to obtain correct output information.”
METHODOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS OF NORMATIVE DESIGN OF PHYSICAL PROTECTION SYSTEMS FOR CRITICAL AND MILITARY FACILITIES IN A DYNAMIC THREAT ENVIRONMENT
Akhundov, R., Hashimov, E., & Islamov, I. (2026) · Grail of Science · doi:10.36074/grail-of-science.20.02.2026.096 · Cited by 13
“In high-consequence settings characterized by adaptive adversaries and time-constrained attacks, norms are necessary constraints, but they are not su昀케cient evidence that the system will interrupt an attack before the protected asset is compromised [25-29].”
Avalanche susceptibility factors, trends, techniques, and practices in Indian Himalaya: A review
Thakur, K., Kumar, H., & Snehmani (2025) · Earth-Science Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.earscirev.2025.105207 · Cited by 13
Tribo‐Evaluation With Multi‐Criteria Decision‐Making Approach of Fly Ash‐Filled Hybrid Flax/Basalt Fiber Reinforced Brake Friction Composites
Kılıç, H. (2025) · Polymer Composites · doi:10.1002/pc.70272 · Cited by 13
“AHP is a powerful decision-making process that helps determine the importance/ priority of criteria [56].”
A novel framework for wetland health assessment using hydro-ecological indicators and landscape metrics
Rawat, M., Pandey, A., Gupta, P. K., Yadav, B., & Patel, J. (2025) · Modeling Earth Systems and Environment · doi:10.1007/s40808-025-02371-6 · Cited by 13
“AHP is a prominent multi-criteria decision-making method (Saaty 1987).”
A Combined Multi-Criteria Decision-Making and Social Cost–Benefit Analysis Approach for Evaluating Sustainable City Logistics Initiatives
Veličković, M., Stojanović, Đ. M., Ilin, V., & Mirčetić, D. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17030884 · Cited by 13
Spatial identification of regions exposed to multi-hazards at the pan-European level
Antofie, T., Luoni, S., Tilloy, A., Sibilia, A., Salari, S., Eklund, G., Rodomonti, D., Bountzouklis, C., & Corbane, C. (2025) · Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences · doi:10.5194/nhess-25-287-2025 · Cited by 13
Flood risk assessment of suburban region in India by incorporating flood hazard, vulnerability and exposure
Bhere, S., & Reddy, M. J. (2024) · Natural Hazards · doi:10.1007/s11069-024-07062-6 · Cited by 13
“…matrix is constructed with diagonal elements set to 1, employing the following: The AHP method’s consistency is evaluated through the consistency ratio (CR), which is expressed as ratio of Consistency Index (CI) to Random Index (RI) (Saaty, 1987): where, max = principal eigen value of the matrix.”
Evaluating Consumer Preferences for Sustainable Products: A Comparative Study Across Five Countries
Šoštar, M., & Ristanović, V. (2024) · World · doi:10.3390/world5040064 · Cited by 16
“Concerning the total demand for organic products, these two criteria together make up 40% in Spain and 37% in Croatia.”
New forest fire assessment model based on artificial neural network and analytic hierarchy process or fuzzy-analytic hierarchy process methodology for fire vulnerability map
Tahri, M., Badr, S., Mohammadi, Z., Kašpar, J., Berčák, R., Holuša, J., Surový, P., Marušák, R., & Yousfi, N. (2024) · Engineering applications of artificial intelligence · doi:10.1016/j.engappai.2024.109399 · Cited by 13
AHP and FAHP-based multi-criteria analysis for suitable dam location analysis: a case study of the Bagmati Basin, Nepal
Bastola, S., Shakya, B., Seong, Y., Kim, B., & Jung, Y. (2024) · Stochastic environmental research and risk assessment (Print) · doi:10.1007/s00477-024-02799-9 · Cited by 13
“A stepwise guide to obtaining criteria weights using FAHP can be found in the work of Mazaheriasad et al. ( 2015). where CR = consistency ratio, CI = consistency index, and RI = random index derived from a sample of randomly generated reciprocal matrices, as detailed in Table 3 (Saaty 1986 , 1987 ).”
Optimization of Highway Performance and Safety by Integrated Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Techniques
Khichad, J. S., Vishwakarma, R., Gaur, A., & Sain, A. (2024) · International Journal of Pavement Research and Technology · doi:10.1007/s42947-024-00452-w · Cited by 13
“A total number of 6 criteria have been taken corresponding to a random index (RI) of 1.24 [68].”
Influential
GIS-based suitability mapping of Managed Aquifer Recharge (MAR) in Diredawa catchment, Eastern Ethiopia
Yosef, Z.-M., Birhanu, B., Suryabhagavan, K. V., & Tsegay, T. (2024) · International Journal of River Basin Management · doi:10.1080/15715124.2024.2361038 · Cited by 13
“The various criteria are laid out in the planning process as factors affecting MAR suitability mapping and are assigned attributes to different degrees of preferences (Saaty 1987).”
Influential
Analyzing policy interventions to stimulate suitable energy sources for the most polluted states of India
Rachna, & Singh, A. K. (2024) · Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2024.114397 · Cited by 13
The Feasibility and Operational Performance of Implementation Median U-turn Intersections: A CRITIC Method
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“The rating system is based on Saaty's scale (Saaty, 1987).”
Method
Recognizing the mapping relationship between wind power output and meteorological information at a province level by coupling GIS and CNN technologies
Zhang, J., Cheng, C., & Shen, Y. M. (2024) · Applied Energy · doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2024.122791 · Cited by 17
Carbon-neutral cement: The role of green hydrogen
Bacatelo, M., Capucha, F., Ferrão, P., Margarido, F., & Bordado, J. (2024) · International journal of hydrogen energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2024.03.028 · Cited by 13
Dumpsite Remediation Through Landfill Mining and Rehabilitation: A Circular Economy Perspective
Nalladiyil, A., & Babu, G. L. S. (2024) · Journal of the Indian Institute of Science · doi:10.1007/s41745-024-00445-5 · Cited by 13
Flood risk index mapping in data scarce region by considering GIS and MCDA (FRI mapping in data scarce region by considering GIS and MCDA)
Ray, S. (2024) · Environment, Development and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s10668-024-04641-2 · Cited by 13
Multicriteria decision-making tool for investigating the feasibility of the green roof systems in Egypt
Desouki, M., Madkour, M., Abdeen, A., & Elboshy, B. (2024) · Sustainable Environment Research · doi:10.1186/s42834-024-00207-z · Cited by 13
“The value of CR has to be less than 0.1, which means that the pairwise comparison matrix is consistent [45].”
BackgroundInfluential
A geospatial web-based integrative analytical tool for the water-energy-food nexus: the iWEF 1.0
Taguta, C., Nhamo, L., Kiala, Z., Bangira, T., Dirwai, T., Senzanje, A., Makurira, H., Jewitt, G., Mpandeli, S., & Mabhaudhi, T. (2023) · Frontiers in Water · doi:10.3389/frwa.2023.1305373 · Cited by 13
“According to Saaty (1987), the AHP is a measurement theory for deriving ratio scales from discrete and continuous paired comparisons to set priorities and make the best decisions.”
Method
Risk analysis of autonomous vehicle test scenarios using a novel analytic hierarchy process method
Zhang, S., & Tak, T.-O. (2023) · IET Intelligent Transport Systems · doi:10.1049/itr2.12466 · Cited by 16
A Comparative Study of Genetic Algorithm-Based Ensemble Models and Knowledge-Based Models for Wildfire Susceptibility Mapping
Al-Shabeeb, A. R. R., Hamdan, I., Parizi, S. M., Al-Fugara, A., Odat, S., Elkhrachy, I., Hu, T.-X., & Sammen, S. S. (2023) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su152115598 · Cited by 13
Post Covid-19 strategies for power and energy sectors of Bangladesh
Kabir, K. H., Hossain, M. R., Shams, S. M. N., Rahman, M. S., & Islam, M. R. (2023) · Energy Strategy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.esr.2023.101176 · Cited by 13
Integrated assessment of water–energy–food nexus: conceptual framework and application to the Ping River basin, Thailand
Chapagain, K., Babel, M., Karthe, D., & Stamm, J. (2023) · International Journal of Water Resources Development · doi:10.1080/07900627.2023.2252529 · Cited by 13
“One of the popular methods to determine the weightage is the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) developed by Saaty (1987), which is a multicriteria decision-making tool developed for prioritizing indicators.”
Method
Flood Analysis Using Multi-Scale Remote Sensing Observations in Laos
Hansana, P., Guo, X., Zhang, S., Kang, X.-D., & Li, S.-T. (2023) · Remote Sensing · doi:10.3390/rs15123166 · Cited by 13
Integrating Geographic Information System, Artificial Intelligence, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis: A Comprehensive Review for Sustainable Urban Settlement Planning
Ray, S. (2025) · Applied spatial analysis and policy · doi:10.1007/s12061-025-09762-3 · Cited by 12
Optimizing Building Envelope Retrofits under Future Climates: Integrating Passive, Active, and Renewable Strategies
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Strategic landfill site selection for sustainable waste management in Phu Yen Province, Vietnam using geospatial technologies
Nguyen, D.-M. T., Robinson, D. T., Zurbrügg, C., Nguyen, T. H. T., Dang, H., & Pham, V.-M. (2025) · Ecological Informatics · doi:10.1016/j.ecoinf.2025.103198 · Cited by 12
Identification of potential managed aquifer recharge sites in hyper-arid environment using GIS and analytical hierarchy process
Bilal, H., Govindan, R., Zekri, S., Al-Maktoumi, A., Rajabi, M. M., Triki, C., & Harrathi, W. (2025) · Applied Water Science · doi:10.1007/s13201-025-02431-3 · Cited by 12
“The AHP approach was introduced by Saaty (1987); it is one of the most popular and widely utilized multi-criteria methods.”
Geoinformatics and AHP multi criteria decision making integrated flood hazard zone mapping over Modjo catchment, Awash river basin, central Ethiopia
Bedada, B., & Dibaba, W. (2025) · Discover Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-025-06647-5 · Cited by 12
Sustainable Nature Tourism and Forest Conservation Strategies Based on Forest Wellness Tourism Demand: A Case Study of Royal Belum State Park, Malaysia
Zhang, X., Dolah, J., & Cao, Z.-H. (2025) · Forests · doi:10.3390/f16020270 · Cited by 12
A fuzzy framework for risk analysis of dam-break flood in climate change scenarios
Goel, A., & Srinivas, V. V. (2025) · International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction · doi:10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105322 · Cited by 13
Assessing groundwater artificial recharge suitability in the Mi River basin using GIS, RS, and FAHP: a comprehensive analysis with seasonal variations
Song, Q., Liu, Y., Wang, Z., & Xu, Z. (2025) · Applied Water Science · doi:10.1007/s13201-025-02362-z · Cited by 16
“…a matrix with a CR value ≤ 0.1 is deemed to have passed the consistency test, reflecting satisfactory consistency, while a CR value of > 0.1 suggests that the pairwise comparison matrix requires revision to guarantee the dependability and accuracy of the analytical results (Saaty 1987, 1980).”
Influential
Geo-spatial based cyclone shelter suitability assessment using analytical hierarchy process (AHP) in the coastal region of Bangladesh
Hasan, I., Faruk, M. O., Katha, Z. T., Goni, M. O., Islam, M. S., Chakraborty, T. R., Sowrav, S. F. F., & Hossain, M. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e39831 · Cited by 12
Evaluation of High-Quality Development Level of Regional Economy and Exploration of Index Obstacle Degree: A Case Study of Henan Province
Zhou, J., Hu, T., Wei, Z.-Q., & Ji, D. (2024) · Journal of the Knowledge Economy · doi:10.1007/s13132-024-02252-w · Cited by 12
“However, when there are too many criteria, calculating the weights becomes complex (Saaty, 1987).”
Assessment of rural livelihoods, health and wellbeing in Vhembe District Municipality, South Africa and Narok County, Kenya: A water-energy-food nexus perspective
Botai, C., Botai, J., Tazvinga, H., Murambadoro, M., Nhamo, L., Ncongwane, K., Mengistu, M. G., Zwane, N., Wamiti, E. K., Mpandeli, S., et al. (2024) · Environmental Science & Policy · doi:10.1016/j.envsci.2024.103817 · Cited by 12
“The analytic hierarchy process (AHP), a Multi-Criteria Decision-Making (MCDM) framework proposed by Saaty, (1977); (1987); (1990); (2016), and the pairwise comparison matrix (PCM) technique were used to analyse the data.”
Method
Integrated remote sensing and geographic information system overlay analysis for groundwater potential evaluation using AHP and Fuzzy AHP: southern sections of the western Afar rift margin and associated rift floor
Gidafie, D., Nedaw, D., & Azagegn, T. (2024) · Groundwater for Sustainable Development · doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2024.101310 · Cited by 12
Metrics for Sustainability and Circular Economy Practices in Context to Modern Manufacturing Environment
Shaikh, M. B. N., Ali, M., Chaudry, U. M., & Khan, M. K. (2024) · Circular Economy and Sustainability · doi:10.1007/s43615-024-00395-1 · Cited by 21
“For n = 7, the value of RI is 1.32, given by [ 28 ].”
Influential
A Review Based on Various Applications to Find a Consistent Pairwise Comparison Matrix
Kaushik, S., Pant, S., Joshi, L. K., Kumar, A., & Ram, M. (2024) · Journal of Reliability and Statistical Studies · doi:10.13052/jrss0974-8024.1713 · Cited by 13
“It helps decision-makers choose the optimal course of action based on several criteria, along with other sub-criteria [41–47].”
Background
Aviation subsidy policy and regional wellbeing: Important indicators from relevant stakeholders’ perspectives
Wu, H., Lin, Y.-H., Ngo, T., & Tsui, K. (2024) · Case Studies on Transport Policy · doi:10.1016/j.cstp.2024.101181 · Cited by 12
Stakeholders’ view on selecting a prospective location for marine alternative fuels bunkering station
Kołakowski, P., Gil, M., & Wróbel, K. (2024) · Marine Policy · doi:10.1016/j.marpol.2024.106164 · Cited by 13
Application of the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method to identify the most suitable approach for managing irradiated graphite
Guidi, G., Goffo, G., & Violante, A. C. (2024) · Nuclear Engineering and Technology · doi:10.1016/j.net.2024.06.045 · Cited by 12
Mapping flood susceptibility with PROMETHEE multi-criteria analysis method
Plataridis, K., & Mallios, Z. (2024) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-024-33895-6 · Cited by 17
“3–4): where max is the maximum eigenvalue, n is the number of factors, and RI is the standard random index and is given by Saaty (1987) according to the n (Table 4).”
A Spatial Prioritization of Conifer Management to Defend and Grow Sagebrush Cores
Reinhardt, J. R., Maestas, J., Naugle, D., Bedrosian, G., Doherty, K. E., & Kumar, A. V. (2024) · Rangeland Ecology & Management · doi:10.1016/j.rama.2024.08.006 · Cited by 12
“…ecology, invasive plant management, wildlife ecology, conservation biology, and forestry were asked to independently rank the pairwise importance ( sensu Saaty, 1987 ) of each of the 4 criteria included in this analysis: conifer, SEI, invasive annual grass risk, and structural connectivity.”
Integrating incomplete preference estimation and consistency control in consensus reaching
Fan, S., Liang, H., Pedrycz, W., & Yue, D. (2024) · Information Fusion · doi:10.1016/j.inffus.2024.102268 · Cited by 12
Measuring consumers’ dominant value perceptions to determine their purchase intention of luxury fashion consumption
Liu, T., Rodriguez, C. Q., & Huang, W.-C. (2023) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2023.2272374 · Cited by 12
“Saaty (1987) advised that the accuracy of the comparative weights can be achieved if the value is 0.1 or less.”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Selection of most significant risk factors for Indian tunnel projects: an integrated fuzzy-based MCDM approach
Gogate, N. G., Shelake, A. G., & Band, P. (2023) · International Journal of Construction Management · doi:10.1080/15623599.2023.2267852 · Cited by 11
“The list of CRFs is obtained by capturing expert responses on Saaty’s scale (Saaty, 1987).”
Method
Spatial neighborhood sustainability assessment for urban planning, Cuenca, Ecuador
Ortiz-Fernández, J., Astudillo-Cordero, S., & Quesada-Molina, F. (2023) · Environmental and Sustainability Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.indic.2023.100307 · Cited by 12
Factors influencing the intention to use co-working spaces in emerging markets: an analytic hierarchy process approach
Girija, S., Sharma, D. R., Yeediballi, T., & Sriramneni, C. (2023) · Property Management · doi:10.1108/pm-03-2023-0026 · Cited by 12
A novel multicriteria methodology to assess the renovation of social buildings
Flores-Abascal, I., Hernández-Cruz, P., Odriozola-Maritorena, M., Almeida, M., Onety, B., Nicolle, J., Allard, F., Dréau, J. L., & Suarez, E. (2023) · Journal of Building Engineering · doi:10.1016/j.jobe.2023.107505 · Cited by 12
Spatial multi-criteria decision framework for landfill site selection using AHP and CODAS with sensitivity analysis: A case study of Vadodara, India
Chaturvedi, S., Bhatt, N., Shah, V., Patel, D. P., Jodhani, K. H., & Singh, S. K. (2026) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2026.147832 · Cited by 11
An Integrated KANO–AHP–DEMATEL–VIKOR Framework for Sustainable Design Decision Evaluation of Museum Cultural and Creative Products
Wang, Z.-K., Zhou, J., Zhou, Z.-Y., & Li, F. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su172210328 · Cited by 11
An integrated SWOT-fuzzy AHP-fuzzy TOPSIS analysis of various hydrogen energy storage options
Kumar, L., & Sleiti, A. (2025) · International journal of hydrogen energy · doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2025.150344 · Cited by 11
Enhancing urban quality of life evaluation using spatial multi criteria analysis
Zhalehdoost, A., & Taleai, M. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-05468-1 · Cited by 11
A Fuzzy Multi-Criteria Decision Framework for Community Isolation Center Site Selection to Enhance Public Health Resilience
Boonmee, C., & Tanpruttianunt, N. (2025) · Journal of Safety Science and Resilience · doi:10.1016/j.jnlssr.2025.100227 · Cited by 11
Rethinking sustainable development goals (SDG) for floating slums in African coastal settings: Makoko community in Nigeria
Seçmen, S., & Ibrahim, F. (2025) · Cities · doi:10.1016/j.cities.2025.105751 · Cited by 11
A comparative evaluation of geostatistical techniques of frequency ratio (FR), Shannon Entropy (SE), and analytical hierarchy (AHP) in landslide prediction: a case study of Uttarakhand, India
Alam, M., Siddiqui, A., Shamim, S., Ahmad, A., & Faiz, M. (2025) · Discover Geoscience · doi:10.1007/s44288-025-00138-1 · Cited by 11
“The ranks are determined using the Eigen vector approach, and the consistency ratio is then used to verify the solution’s consistency [71].”
GIS-based risk assessment of typhoon disasters in coastal provinces of China
Wang, Y., Liu, W., Chen, C., Li, X., Liu, B., Du, P., & Sheng, S. (2025) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2025.1548763 · Cited by 6
A Multi-Dimensional Assessment of Pocket Park Landscapes: Insights from Scenic Beauty Estimation and Analytic Hierarchy Process in Dadukou District, Chongqing
Peng, X.-Y., & Afla, M. R. M. (2025) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su17052020 · Cited by 11
“If CR < 0.1, the matrix is deemed consistent; otherwise, adjustments are necessary, and the process is repeated [67].”
Influential
Identification and prioritization urban E-vehicles barriers toward sustainable cities: A spherical fuzzy decision-making approach
Tanveer, A., Song, H., Abdul, D., Irfan, M. F., & Faheem, M. (2025) · Energy · doi:10.1016/j.energy.2024.134341 · Cited by 13

Authors: Saaty, R. W.
Corresponding author: Saaty, R.W.
Venue: Mathematical Modelling
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1987
Volume: 9
Issue: 3-5
Pages: 161-176
ISSN: 0270-0255 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/0270-0255(87)90473-8
OpenAlex: W2046078150
Cited by: 5,380
References: 15
Citations by year: 2026: 623 · 2025: 735 · 2024: 697 · 2023: 662 · 2022: 518 · 2021: 481 · 2020: 382 · 2019: 284 · 2018: 226 · 2017: 173 · 2016: 124 · 2015: 107 · 2014: 62 · 2013: 52 · 2012: 39
FWCI: 4.84
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: bronze
doi.org
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (vor, 9696 d)
Locations: Mathematical Modelling (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Multi-Criteria Decision Making
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Game Theory and Voting Systems
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Strategic Planning and Analysis
Keywords: analytic hierarchy process, ratio scale, measurement theory, axioms, inconsistency, rank preservation, reversal, absolute measurement, relative measurement, multi-criteria decision making

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