Effect of pesticide mixtures on in vitro nervous cells: Comparison with single pesticides
Abstract
The toxicity of dimethoate, azinphos-methyl, diazinon, pirimiphos methyl, organophosphorus insecticides, and benomyl (a benzimidazole fungicide) singly and in mixture was studied in a human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. The cells were incubated for 30 min and 4 h with pesticides at concentrations ranging from 0.4 to 100 micrograms/ml, or with the same compounds mixed as follows: (a) dimethoate-diazinon-azinphos; (b) benomyl-pirimiphos; (c) all together. Pesticides in the mixtures were at the same concentration used when tested singly. Diazinon, azinphos-methyl and pirimiphos, but not dimethoate and benomyl, inhibited acetylcholine esterase (AchE) activity, whereas all the compounds inhibited protein synthesis in the following order: benomyl > azinphos > diazinon >> pirimiphos = dimethoate. The mixtures showed a toxicity on AchE activity at a maximum equal to that of the most active compound in the mixture. On the contrary, the mixture were more toxic than the single compounds on protein synthesis, and in certain cases potentiation occurred. Therefore, we can conclude that it is not feasible to predict the toxicity of pesticide mixtures on the basis of the results of the toxicity of single components.
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There is still scientific controversy about the safety of some currently permitted pesticides (e.g. organophosphorus compounds) even at levels below the MRL and complex mixtures of pesticides, as additive/synergistic effects of pesticide mixtures have been documented and safety testing of pesticide mixtures is currently not required.
“There is still scientific controversy about the safety of some currently permitted pesticides (e.g. organophosphorus compounds) even at levels below the MRL and complex mixtures of pesticides, as additive/synergistic effects of pesticide mixtures have been documented and safety testing of pesticide mixtures is currently not required as part of the regulatory pesticide approval process( 58 – 60 ).”
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- Authors
- Marinovich, M., Ghilardi, F., & Galli, C. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Milan (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Marinovich, M.
- Venue
- Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1996-04
- Volume
- 108
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 201-206
- ISSN
- 0300-483X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2079316501
- Cited by
- 90
- References
- 20
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2022: 5 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 4.03
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Keywords
- pesticide mixtures, neurotoxicity, organophosphate insecticides, benomyl, dimethoate, azinphos-methyl, diazinon, pirimiphos-methyl, acetylcholinesterase inhibition, protein synthesis inhibition, SH-SY5Y cells, potentiation of toxicity, benzimidazole fungicides
- MeSH terms
- Acetylcholinesterase, Benomyl, Cholinesterase Inhibitors, Drug Combinations, Drug Interactions, Drug Synergism, Food Contamination, Fungicides, Industrial, Humans, Insecticides, Neuroblastoma, Neurons, Organothiophosphorus Compounds, Protein Biosynthesis, Tumor Cells, Cultured, Water Pollutants, Toxicity Tests
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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