The terminal nerve projects centrally in the hamster
Abstract
The projections of the peripheral and intracerebral portions of the hamster terminal nerve were examined with lesion and immunocytochemical techniques. After transection, proximal processes of the terminal nerve accumulate luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone-immunoreactive material, while the distal processes disintegrate and are no longer stained. It thus becomes possible to determine the direction of conduction of terminal nerve axons. The results of transection at the level of the cribriform plate, along the olfactory bulb, and in the ventral forebrain were all consistent in indicating a centripetal direction of conduction. Immunoreactive material collected distal to the lesion at each of these levels. All peripheral lesions eliminated processes coursing into and through the terminal ganglion at the base of the ventral forebrain. These lesions left intact, however, the terminal ganglion projections to the accessory olfactory bulb and ventral forebrain. These results indicate a centripetal projection from terminal neurons in the nasal cavity, along the olfactory bulbs and within the terminal ganglion to successively more caudal levels. This suggests that neural messages are conveyed from nasal cavity to the brain through this route. Because immunoreactive fibers were found within the sensory epithelium of the vomeronasal organ a sensory and/or sensory modulatory action is suggested.
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There is no evidence that the nervus terminalis is chemosensory or that the human terminalis nerve carries the axons of VSNs, but it may innervate the vomeronasal epithelium.
“There is no evidence that this nerve is chemosensory or that the human terminalis nerve carries the axons of VSNs (although the two do run together in most mammals), but it may innervate the vomeronasal epithelium (Witkin and Silverman, 1983;Wirsig and Leonard, 1986).”
From Human Vomeronasal Organ Function: A Critical Review of Best and Worst Cases (2001) · cites this paper as Wirsig and Leonard, 1986
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Human Vomeronasal Organ Function: A Critical Review of Best and Worst Cases
Meredith, M. (2001) · Chemical Senses · doi:10.1093/chemse/26.4.433 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
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Self-citationThe Grueneberg ganglion projects to the olfactory bulb
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“Unlike olfactory nerves, the nervus terminalis does not express OMP and does not innervate the olfactory bulb [17,20].”
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“The TN is likely also main source of the GnRH-immunoreactive fibers distributed throughout the olfactory system in amphibians and mammals (Wirsig and Getchell, 1986; Wirsig and Leonard, 1986b).”
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“forebrain towards the preoptic area corresponds to the central roots of the nervus terminalis (Johnston, 1913; Larsell, 1950; Wirsig and Leonard, 1986).”
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Luteinizing Hormone‐Releasing Hormone in the Vomeronasal System and Terminal Nerve of the Hamster a
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“Although it has not been shown that the terminalis nerve carries the axons of the VNO in adults, such speculation had often been published [12,28,29].”
BackgroundLarriva-Sahd, J., Rondán, A., Orozco-Estévez, H., & Sánchez-Robles, M. (1993) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(93)90225-a · Cited by 18
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Wirsig, C. (1987) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36301.x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
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InfluentialInteractions between the Olfactory System and the Terminal Nerve Electrophysiological Evidence
Meredith, M., & White, J. (1987) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb36309.x · Cited by 6 · see citing works
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Wirsig, C. R., & Leonard, C. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida Health (US)
- Venue
- Neuroscience
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1986-11
- Volume
- 19
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 709-717
- ISSN
- 0306-4522 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1992367304
- Cited by
- 36
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2016: 1 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 4.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neuroscience (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH 15737-05)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NS-13516)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Sensory Systems › Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Developmental Neuroscience › Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Keywords
- terminal nerve, vomeronasal organ, gonadotropin-releasing hormone, axon transection, terminal ganglion, accessory olfactory bulb, olfactory bulb, ventral forebrain, hamster
- MeSH terms
- Afferent Pathways, Animals, Central Nervous System, Cranial Nerves, Cricetinae, Histocytochemistry, Immunologic Techniques, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone, Nasal Mucosa, Olfactory Bulb, Olfactory Pathways, Pia Mater, Trigeminal Ganglion
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