CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 277Stress Responses and CortisolNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration MechanismsThermal Regulation in Medicine

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 163 of the 179 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis by bacterial endotoxins: Routes and intermediate signals

Tilders, Fred J.H., DeRuk, Roel H., Van Dam, Anne-Marie, Vincent, Valerie A.M., Schotanus, Karel, Persoons, Jek H.A.·1994·Psychoneuroendocrinology
DOI 10.1016/0306-4530(94)90010-8
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Peripheral administration of endotoxin induces brain-mediated responses, including activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and changes in thermoregulation. This paper reviews the mechanisms by which endotoxin affects these responses. The effects on thermoregulation are complex and include macrophage-dependent hyperthermic and hypothermic responses. Low doses of endotoxin, given IP, activate peripheral macrophages to produce interleukin (IL)-1 beta, which enters the circulation and acts as a hormonal signal. IL-1 may pass fenestrated endothelium in the median eminence to stimulate corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) secretion from the CRH nerve-terminals. In addition, IL-1 may activate brain endothelial cells to produce IL-1, IL-6, prostaglandins, etc., and secrete these substances into the brain. By paracrine actions, these substances may affect neurons (e.g., CRH neurons) or act on microglial cells, which show IL-1-induced IL-1 production and therefore amplify and prolong the intracerebral IL-1 signal. In contrast, high doses of endotoxin given i.v. may directly stimulate endothelial cells to produce IL-1, IL-6, and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) and thereby activate the HPA axis in a macrophage-independent manner.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0306-4530(94)90010-8

Cites

163 of 163 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

1 retracted

Show all 179 references

Research works printed but not linked: 3

  1. DeRijk, 1993, Fever and thermogenesis in response to bacterial endotoxin (LPS) involves macrophage-dependent mechanisms in the rat, Am J Physiol
  2. Haour, 1990, Brain interleukin 1 receptors: Characterization and modulation after lipopolysaccharide injection, Prog NeuroEndocrinImmunology, 3, 196
  3. Opp, 1991, Interleukin-1 receptor anatagonist blocks interleukin-1 induced sleep and fever, Am J Physiol, 268, R453

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 277

Related

Metadata

Authors
Tilders, F. J. H., DeRuk, R. H., Van Dam, A.-M., Vincent, V. A. M., Schotanus, K., & Persoons, J. H. A.
Affiliations
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam (NL)
Corresponding author
Tilders, Fred J.H.
Venue
Psychoneuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1994
Volume
19
Issue
2
Pages
209-232
ISSN
0306-4530 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0306-4530(94)90010-8
OpenAlex
W1989306597
Cited by
277
References
179
Citations by year
2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 2
FWCI
3.73
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
Locations
  • Psychoneuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Pure Amsterdam UMC (submittedVersion)
  • Data Archiving and Networked Services (DANS) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Thermal Regulation in Medicine
Keywords
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, bacterial endotoxin, IL-1β, thermoregulation, corticotropin-releasing factor, median eminence, brain endothelial cells, microglia, prostaglandin E2, interleukin-6, macrophages, neuroendocrine signaling
MeSH terms
Adrenocorticotropic Hormone, Afferent Pathways, Animals, Corticosterone, Endothelium, Vascular, Endotoxins, General Adaptation Syndrome, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System, Interleukin-1, Macrophage Activation, Pituitary-Adrenal System, Dinoprostone, Signal Transduction, Interleukin-6

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review