Interleukin-6: an overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine involved in immune responses, inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone metabolism, embryonic development and other fundamental processes.
“IL-6, which was discovered in 1986 (27), is a pleiotropic cytokine involved not only in immune responses but also in inflammation, hematopoiesis, bone metabolism, embryonic development and other fundamental processes (1, 21, 28–32).”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
IL-6 is a growth factor for plasmacytoma and myeloma.
“Taking the above together with the fact that IL-6 is a growth factor for plasmacytoma and myeloma (28, 37)”
From IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer (2021) · cites this paper as [28]
Cites
Hirano, T., Taga, T., Yasukawa, K., Nakajima, K., Nakano, N., Takatsuki, F., Shimizu, M., Murashima, A., Tsunasawa, S., & Sakiyama, F. (1987) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.84.1.228 · Cited by 351 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Adipose Expression of Tumor Necrosis Factor-α: Direct Role in Obesity-Linked Insulin Resistance
Hotamisligil, G. S., Shargill, N. S., & Spiegelman, B. M. (1993) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7678183 · Cited by 7,518 · see citing works
Korn, T., Bettelli, E., Oukka, M., & Kuchroo, V. K. (2009) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev.immunol.021908.132710 · Cited by 4,873 · see citing works
Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a meta-analysis.
Howren, M. B., Lamkin, D. M., & Suls, J. (2009) · Psychosomatic Medicine · doi:10.1097/psy.0b013e3181907c1b · Cited by 2,766 · see citing works
Yudkin, J. S., Stehouwer, C. D. A., Emeis, J. J., & Coppack, S. W. (1999) · Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/01.atv.19.4.972 · Cited by 2,465 · see citing works
Ridker, P. M., Rifai, N., Stampfer, M. J., & Hennekens, C. H. (2000) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/01.cir.101.15.1767 · Cited by 2,429 · see citing works
Inflammation, obesity, stress and coronary heart disease: is interleukin-6 the link?
Yudkin, J. S., Kumari, M., Humphries, S. E., & Mohamed-Ali, V. (2000) · Atherosclerosis · doi:10.1016/s0021-9150(99)00463-3 · Cited by 1,775 · see citing works
IL-6 in inflammation, autoimmunity and cancer
Hirano, T. (2021) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxaa078 · Cited by 1,453 · see citing works
Age-Associated Increased Interleukin-6 Gene Expression, Late-Life Diseases, and Frailty
Ershler, W. B., & Keller, E. T. (2000) · Annual Review of Medicine · doi:10.1146/annurev.med.51.1.245 · Cited by 1,282 · see citing works
Inflammatory Markers and Physical Performance in Older Persons: The InCHIANTI Study
Cesari, M., Penninx, B. W. J. H., Pahor, M., Lauretani, F., Corsi, A. M., Williams, G. R., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2004) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/59.3.m242 · Cited by 901 · see citing works
Interleukin (IL)-6 directs the differentiation of IL-4-producing CD4+ T cells
Rincón, M., Anguita, J., Nakamura, T., Fikrig, E., & Flavell, R. A. (1997) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.185.3.461 · Cited by 810 · see citing works
Multiple extracellular signals are required for long-term oligodendrocyte survival
Barres, B. A., Schmid, R., Sendnter, M., & Raff, M. C. (1993) · Development · doi:10.1242/dev.118.1.283 · Cited by 712 · see citing works
Bays, H., Mandarino, L., & DeFronzo, R. A. (2004) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2003-030723 · Cited by 664 · see citing works
Mogi, M., Harada, M., Narabayashi, H., Inagaki, H., Minami, M., & Nagatsu, T. (1996) · Neuroscience Letters · doi:10.1016/0304-3940(96)12706-3 · Cited by 545 · see citing works
Chan, M., Cheung, C., Chui, W., Tsao, S., Nicholls, J., Chan, Y., Chan, R., Long, H., Poon, L., Guan, Y., et al. (2005) · Respiratory Research · doi:10.1186/1465-9921-6-135 · Cited by 510 · see citing works
The Association of Plasma IL-6 Levels With Functional Disability in Community-Dwelling Elderly
Cohen, H. J., Pieper, C. F., Harris, T., Rao, K. M. K., & Currie, M. S. (1997) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/52a.4.m201 · Cited by 476 · see citing works
Zhou, D., Kusnecov, A. W., Shurin, M. R., DePaoli, M., & Rabin, B. S. (1993) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/endo.133.6.8243274 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
B cells responses and cytokine production are regulated by their immune microenvironment
Vazquez, M. I., Catalan-Dibene, J., & Zlotnik, A. (2015) · Cytokine · doi:10.1016/j.cyto.2015.02.007 · Cited by 421 · see citing works
Vince, G. S., Starkey, P. M., Austgulen, R., Kwiatkowski, D., & Redman, C. W. G. (1995) · BJOG: An International Journal of Obstetrics & Gynaecology · doi:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1995.tb09020.x · Cited by 381 · see citing works
Wei, H., Zou, H., Sheikh, A. M., Malik, M., Dobkin, C., Brown, W. T., & Li, X. (2011) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/1742-2094-8-52 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Ferreira, R. C., Freitag, D. F., Cutler, A. J., Howson, J. M. M., Rainbow, D. B., Smyth, D. J., Kaptoge, S., Clarke, P., Boreham, C., Coulson, R. M., et al. (2013) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003444 · Cited by 316 · see citing works
A primer on cytokines: sources, receptors, effects, and inducers
Curfs, J. H., Meis, J. F., & Hoogkamp-Korstanje, J. A. (1997) · Clinical Microbiology Reviews · doi:10.1128/cmr.10.4.742 · Cited by 317 · see citing works
Interleukin-6: from basic biology to selective blockade of pro-inflammatory activities
Scheller, J., Garbers, C., & Rose-John, S. (2014) · Seminars in Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.smim.2013.11.002 · Cited by 308 · see citing works
Life stress, mood disturbance, and elevated interleukin-6 in healthy older women
Lutgendorf, S. K., Garand, L., Buckwalter, K. C., Reimer, T. T., Hong, S.-Y., & Lubaroff, D. M. (1999) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/54.9.m434 · Cited by 305 · see citing works
Athletic induced iron deficiency: new insights into the role of inflammation, cytokines and hormones
Peeling, P., Dawson, B., Goodman, C., Landers, G., & Trinder, D. (2008) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-008-0726-6 · Cited by 292 · see citing works
Tilders, F. J. H., DeRuk, R. H., Van Dam, A.-M., Vincent, V. A. M., Schotanus, K., & Persoons, J. H. A. (1994) · Psychoneuroendocrinology · doi:10.1016/0306-4530(94)90010-8 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
Koenig, H. G., Cohen, H. J., George, L. K., Hays, J. C., Larson, D. B., & Blazer, D. G. (1997) · The International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine · doi:10.2190/40nf-q9y2-0gg7-4wh6 · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Lippitz, B. E., & Harris, R. A. (2016) · OncoImmunology · doi:10.1080/2162402x.2015.1093722 · Cited by 248 · see citing works
Dysfunctional fat cells, lipotoxicity and type 2 diabetes
Defronzo, R. A. (2004) · International Journal of Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1368-504x.2004.00389.x · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Spaulding, C. C., Walford, R. L., & Effros, R. B. (1997) · Mechanisms of Ageing and Development · doi:10.1016/s0047-6374(96)01824-6 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Atsumi, T., Ishihara, K., Kamimura, D., Ikushima, H., Ohtani, T., Hirota, S., Kobayashi, H., Park, S.-J., Saeki, Y., Kitamura, Y., et al. (2002) · The Journal of Experimental Medicine · doi:10.1084/jem.20020619 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
“IL-6, which was originally identified as a B cell differentiation factor (13, 14), is now known to be a multifunctional cytokine that regulates the immune response, hematopoiesis, the acute phase response, and inflammation (4, 15).”
BackgroundPsychosocial factors and interleukin-6 among women with advanced ovarian cancer
Costanzo, E. S., Lutgendorf, S. K., Sood, A. K., Anderson, B., Sorosky, J., & Lubaroff, D. M. (2005) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.21147 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
Biglioli, P. (2003) · European Journal of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery · doi:10.1016/s1010-7940(03)00295-1 · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Interleukin-6 Production Does Not Increase With Age
Beharka, A. A., Meydani, M., Wu, D., Leka, L. S., Meydani, A., & Meydani, S. N. (2001) · The Journals of Gerontology Series A: Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences · doi:10.1093/gerona/56.2.b81 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Serum interleukin-6 levels correlate with prognosis in diffuse large-cell lymphoma
Seymour, J. F., Talpaz, M., Cabanillas, F., Wetzler, M., & Kurzrock, R. (1995) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.1995.13.3.575 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Dittrich, E., Haft, C. R., Muys, L., Heinrich, P. C., & Graeve, L. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.10.5487 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Association of urinary inflammatory markers and renal decline in microalbuminuric type 1 diabetics
Wolkow, P. P., Niewczas, M. A., Perkins, B., Ficociello, L. H., Lipinski, B., Warram, J. H., & Krolewski, A. S. (2008) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2007050556 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Wu, K., Wang, D., Yue, X., Song, D., Zhu, Y., & Wu, J. (2007) · Virology · doi:10.1016/j.virol.2007.04.009 · Cited by 141 · see citing works
“IL-6 is a pleiotropic cytokine that plays a major role in the host's response to injury or infection (Snick, 1990).”
BackgroundJilma, B., Dirnberger, E., Löscher, I., Rumplmayr, A., Hildebrandt, J., Eichler, H.-G., Kapiotis, S., & Wagner, O. F. (1997) · Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine · doi:10.1016/s0022-2143(97)90060-3 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Saha, S., Engström, L., Mackerlova, L., Jakobsson, P.-J., & Blomqvist, A. (2005) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00872.2004 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Anti-inflammatory effect of all-trans-retinoic acid in inflammatory arthritis
Nozaki, Y., Yamagata, T., Sugiyama, M., Ikoma, S., Kinoshita, K., & Funauchi, M. (2006) · Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1016/j.clim.2005.11.012 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Interleukin-6 and use of social support in gynecologic cancer patients
Lutgendorf, S. K., Anderson, B., Sorosky, J. I., Buller, R. E., & Lubaroff, D. M. (2000) · International Journal of Behavioral Medicine · doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm0702_3 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Interleukin-6 involvement in mesothelioma pathobiology: inhibition by interferon ? immunotherapy
Bielefeldt-Ohmann, H., Marzo, A. L., Himbeck, R. P., Jarnicki, A. G., Robinson, B. W. S., & Fitzpatrick, D. R. (1995) · Cancer Immunology Immunotherapy · doi:10.1007/bf01519898 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sun, Y., & Li, L. (2018) · Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology · doi:10.1111/1440-1681.12970 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Bovine Adrenal Cells Secrete Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor in Vitro
Call, G. B., Husein, O. F., McIlmoil, C. J., Adams, A., Heckmann, R. A., & Judd, A. M. (2000) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1006/gcen.2000.7458 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Effect of exercise therapy on cytokine secretion in the saliva of bedridden patients.
Iki, H., Sawa, S., Teranishi, T., Tomita, M., Nishii, K., & Yamada, K. (2016) · Journal of Physical Therapy Science · doi:10.1589/jpts.28.2871 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Van Snick, J.
- Venue
- Annual Review of Immunology
- Publisher
- Annual Reviews
- Published
- 1990-04
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 253-278
- ISSN
- 0732-0582 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-3278
- OpenAlex
- W2135392289
- Cited by
- 1,890
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 7 · 2025: 14 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 19 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 23 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 36 · 2012: 40
- FWCI
- 47.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annual Review of Immunology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Digital Access to Libraries (submittedVersion)
- Annual Review of Genetics
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Cytokine Signaling Pathways and Interactions
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Immunology › T-cell and B-cell Immunology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rheumatology › Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies
- Keywords
- interleukin-6, cytokines, inflammation, acute phase response, acute phase proteins, hematopoiesis, immunomodulation
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Animals, Humans, Lymphocyte Activation, Lymphocytes, Molecular Sequence Data, Receptors, Immunologic, Interleukin-6, Receptors, Interleukin-6
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review