CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 217Menopause: Health Impacts and TreatmentsEstrogen and related hormone effectsPhytoestrogen effects and research

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 83 of the 86 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Hot flashes: Phenomenology, quality of life, and search for treatment options

Open access
Kronenberg, Fredi·1994·Experimental Gerontology
DOI 10.1016/0531-5565(94)90012-4
Open this paper in CoChat — free accountOpen PDF

Abstract

Menopausal hot flashes are a significant problem for women. Hot flashes can impact on daily functioning, particularly when they disrupt sleep, leading to fatigue and irritability during the day. However, our knowledge about this primary complaint of menopausal women is far from complete. It is known that a hot flash is associated with thermoregulatory, cardiovascular, and endocrine changes. However, much is unknown about the phenomenology of hot flashes, such as the range of variability in the pattern and longitudinal course of hot flashes. Although estrogen plays a role in the etiology of hot flashes, the mechanism by which its withdrawal precipitates hot flashes and its replacement relieves them is not understood. Nor do we know what it is that triggers individual hot flash episodes. We are beginning to learn about factors, such as ambient temperature, that modulate the frequency of severity of hot flashes. And very new data suggest that the ingestion of certain foods may influence hot flashes via estrogenic substances present in the food plants. Although there is much anecdotal information about herbs and other nonconventional remedies, little or no research had been done to assess the efficacy or safety of these methods for the treatment of hot flashes. An immediate focus on some of the most promising of these therapies could broaden the available treatment options and should provide new insights into the mechanism underlying hot flashes.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/0531-5565(94)90012-4

Cites

83 of 83 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Figures

FiG. 1 Thermoregulatory and cardiovascular changes during a typical hot flash at an ambient temperature of 28°C. Subjective sensation, blood flow (finger), heart rate (30-s averages), skin resistance (chest), internal body temperature (vagina), and skin temperatures (forehead, finger) are depicted (Kronenberg, 1990).
FiG. 1 Thermoregulatory and cardiovascular changes during a typical hot flash at an ambient temperature of 28°C. Subjective sensation, blood flow (finger), heart rate (30-s averages), skin resistance (chest), internal body temperature (vagina), and skin temperatures (forehead, finger) are depicted (Kronenberg, 1990).CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
FiG. 2 Pattern of pulsatile LH release and associated menopausal flush episodes. Arrows indicate flush onset. Each part illustrates a separate 8–10-h study in which blood samples were obtained at 15-min intervals. Note that each flush is synchronized with an LH pulse (Casper et al., 1979).
FiG. 2 Pattern of pulsatile LH release and associated menopausal flush episodes. Arrows indicate flush onset. Each part illustrates a separate 8–10-h study in which blood samples were obtained at 15-min intervals. Note that each flush is synchronized with an LH pulse (Casper et al., 1979).CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Image 3
CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
FiG. 4 Pattern of cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, and endocrine changes for four consecutive hot flashes over a 2-h period. Changes in sensation (SENS), heart rate, blood flow (finger), sweating rate, temperatures (esophageal, forehead, finger, and ambient), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E) are depicted (Kronenberg and Downey, 1987).
FiG. 4 Pattern of cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, and endocrine changes for four consecutive hot flashes over a 2-h period. Changes in sensation (SENS), heart rate, blood flow (finger), sweating rate, temperatures (esophageal, forehead, finger, and ambient), norepinephrine (NE), and epinephrine (E) are depicted (Kronenberg and Downey, 1987).CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Image 5
CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
Image 6
CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF
FiG. 7 Sleepgram and recordings of skin resistance and temperature in postmenopausal subject with severe hot flushes. Each asterisk marks occurrence of objectively measured hot flush. Open circle indicates arousal of patient by investigator at end of the study (Erlik et al. 1981).
FiG. 7 Sleepgram and recordings of skin resistance and temperature in postmenopausal subject with severe hot flushes. Each asterisk marks occurrence of objectively measured hot flush. Open circle indicates arousal of patient by investigator at end of the study (Erlik et al. 1981).CC-BY-NC-ND · From the PDF

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 86 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Casper, 1979, Physical neuroendocrine and neuropharmacologic correlates during menopausal flushes, Endocr. Soc., 125
  2. Hammar, 1991, Does acupuncture influence the frequency of postmenopausal hot flushes?, NAMS, 76

Cited by

Sorted by citations

See all 217

Related

Metadata

Authors
Kronenberg, F.
Affiliations
Columbia University (US)
Corresponding author
Kronenberg, Fredi
Venue
Experimental Gerontology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
1994-05
Volume
29
Issue
3-4
Pages
319-336
ISSN
0531-5565 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/0531-5565(94)90012-4
OpenAlex
W1991681674
Cited by
217
References
86
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 7
FWCI
1.17
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Experimental Gerontology (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Vidda Foundation
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Phytoestrogen effects and research
Keywords
hot flashes, menopause, quality of life, sleep disruption, fatigue, estrogen withdrawal, estrogen replacement therapy, thermoregulation, cardiovascular changes, endocrine changes, ambient temperature, phytoestrogens, herbal medicine
MeSH terms
Behavior Therapy, Body Temperature Regulation, Climacteric, Endocrine Glands, Estrogens, Female, Humans, Quality of Life, Vitamin E, Magnoliopsida

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review