The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Spatial mental models derived from survey and route descriptions
Open accessAbstract
In four experiments, subjects read route or survey descriptions of naturalistic environments and then answered verbatim or inference questions from both perspectives and drew maps of the environments. In all studies, subjects were faster and more accurate to verbatim than to inference questions, suggesting that verbatim questions are verified against a representation of the text of the descriptions. Subjects were as fast and accurate to inference questions from the read perspective as from the new perspective, suggesting that inference questions are verified against a representation of the situation described by the text. Map drawings were very accurate for both description types. A separate group of subjects studied maps instead of descriptions, and their performance was comparable to that of description subjects on all tasks. Readers apparently form the same spatial mental models capturing the spatial relations between landmarks from both survey and route descriptions, and from maps.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Sentence memory: A constructive versus interpretive approach
Bransford, J. D., Barclay, J. R., & Franks, J. J. (1972) · Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1016/0010-0285(72)90003-5 · Cited by 908
Cognitive mapping: Knowledge of real-world distance and location information.
Evans, G. W., & Pezdek, K. (1980) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.6.1.13 · Cited by 271
Cited by
Situation models in language comprehension and memory
Zwaan, R. A., & Radvansky, G. A. (1998) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.123.2.162 · Cited by 2,877
Topographical disorientation: a synthesis and taxonomy
Aguirre, G. K. (1999) · Brain · doi:10.1093/brain/122.9.1613 · Cited by 772
Imagined transformations of bodies: an fMRI investigation
Zacks, J., Rypma, B., Gabrieli, J. D. E., Tversky, B., & Glover, G. H. (1999) · Neuropsychologia · doi:10.1016/s0028-3932(99)00012-3 · Cited by 278
Self-citationOrientation and Perspective Dependence in Route and Survey Learning.
Shelton, A. L., & McNamara, T. P. (2004) · Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition · doi:10.1037/0278-7393.30.1.158 · Cited by 195
Ekstrom, A. D., Huffman, D. J., & Starrett, M. (2017) · Journal of Neurophysiology · doi:10.1152/jn.00531.2017 · Cited by 186
Arrows in Comprehending and Producing Mechanical Diagrams
Heiser, J., & Tversky, B. (2006) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1207/s15516709cog0000_70 · Cited by 167
Self-citationHow Navigational Aids Impair Spatial Memory: Evidence for Divided Attention
Gardony, A. L., Brunyé, T. T., Mahoney, C. R., & Taylor, H. A. (2013) · Spatial Cognition & Computation · doi:10.1080/13875868.2013.792821 · Cited by 145
Self-citationRepresenting 3D Space in Working Memory: Spatial Images from Vision, Hearing, Touch, and Language
Loomis, J. M., Klatzky, R. L., & Giudice, N. A. (2013) · Multisensory Imagery · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-5879-1_8 · Cited by 129
Language Encodes Geographical Information
Louwerse, M. M., & Zwaan, R. A. (2009) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/j.1551-6709.2008.01003.x · Cited by 113
Ziefle, M., & Bay, S. (2006) · Human-Computer Interaction · doi:10.1207/s15327051hci2104_2 · Cited by 99
Zhang, H., Zherdeva, K., & Ekstrom, A. D. (2014) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/s13421-014-0418-x · Cited by 80
Local and Global Reference Frames for Environmental Spaces
Meilinger, T., Riecke, B. E., & Bülthoff, H. H. (2014) · Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology · doi:10.1080/17470218.2013.821145 · Cited by 87
Representing space in language and perception
BRYANT, D. J. (1997) · Mind & Language · doi:10.1111/j.1468-0017.1997.tb00073.x · Cited by 81
Entwicklung und Validierung eines Fragebogens zu räumlichen Strategien
Münzer, S., & Hölscher, C. (2011) · Diagnostica · doi:10.1026/0012-1924/a000040 · Cited by 64
North is up(hill): Route planning heuristics in real-world environments
T. Brunyé, T., R. Mahoney, C., L. Gardony, A., & A. Taylor, H. (2010) · Memory & Cognition · doi:10.3758/mc.38.6.700 · Cited by 63
How did you get here from there? Verbal overshadowing of spatial mental models
Fiore, S. M., & Schooler, J. W. (2002) · Applied Cognitive Psychology · doi:10.1002/acp.921 · Cited by 50
Louwerse, M. M., & Benesh, N. (2012) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/cogs.12000 · Cited by 49
Perspectives on human spatial cognition: memory, navigation, and environmental learning
Denis, M., & Loomis, J. M. (2007) · Psychological Research · doi:10.1007/s00426-006-0079-x · Cited by 40
Updated tactile feedback with a pin array matrix helps blind people to reduce self-location errors
Brayda, L., Leo, F., Baccelliere, C., Ferrari, E., & Vigini, C. (2018) · Micromachines · doi:10.3390/mi9070351 · Cited by 33
“it is based on an external perspective, independent from the observer [11].”
BackgroundStepping Into a Map: Initial Heading Direction Influences Spatial Memory Flexibility
Gagnon, S. A., Brunyé, T. T., Gardony, A., Noordzij, M. L., Mahoney, C. R., & Taylor, H. A. (2014) · Cognitive Science · doi:10.1111/cogs.12055 · Cited by 26
Self-citationSpatial learning and navigation using a virtual verbal display
Giudice, N. A., Bakdash, J. Z., Legge, G. E., & Roy, R. (2010) · ACM Transactions on Applied Perception · doi:10.1145/1658349.1658352 · Cited by 22
Learning with Virtual Verbal Displays: Effects of Interface Fidelity on Cognitive Map Development
Giudice, N. A., & Tietz, J. D. (2008) · Lecture Notes in Computer Science · doi:10.1007/978-3-540-87601-4_11 · Cited by 9
RoboPoint: A Vision-Language Model for Spatial Affordance Prediction for Robotics
Yuan, W., Duan, J., Blukis, V., Pumacay, W., Krishna, R., Murali, A., Mousavian, A., & Fox, D. (2024) · arXiv · doi:10.48550/arxiv.2406.10721 · Cited by 7
Metadata
- Authors
- Taylor, H. A., & Tversky, B.
- Venue
- Journal of Memory and Language
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1992-04
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 261-292
- ISSN
- 0749-596X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2056423622
- Cited by
- 546
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 72.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.