Informal risk capital investors: Investment patterns on the East Coast of the U.S.A.
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Claims the paper makes
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Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Most referral networks for informal finance are composed of family and friends.
“Haar et al.'s study (1988) shows that informal investment networks are particularly important during a firm's pre-start-up, start-up and early growth stages of development and that most referral networks for informal finance are composed of family and friends (Haar, Starr and MacMillan, 1988).”
From Networking and innovation: a systematic review of the evidence (2004) · cites this paper as Haar, Starr and MacMillan, 1988
Informal investment networks are particularly important during a firm's pre-start-up, start-up and early growth stages of development.
“Haar et al.'s study (1988) shows that informal investment networks are particularly important during a firm's pre-start-up, start-up and early growth stages of development and that most referral networks for informal finance are composed of family and friends (Haar, Starr and MacMillan, 1988).”
From Networking and innovation: a systematic review of the evidence (2004) · cites this paper as Haar, Starr and MacMillan, 1988
Informal investment networks are particularly important during a firm's pre-start-up, start-up and early growth stages of development.
“Haar et al.'s study (1988) shows that informal investment networks are particularly important during a firm's pre-start-up, start-up and early growth stages of development and that most referral networks for informal finance are composed of family and friends (Haar, Starr and MacMillan, 1988).”
From Networking and innovation: a systematic review of the evidence (2004) · cites this paper as Haar et al.'s study (1988)
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Networking and innovation: a systematic review of the evidence
Pittaway, L., Robertson, M., Munir, K., Denyer, D., & Neely, A. (2004) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1460-8545.2004.00101.x · Cited by 1,747 · see citing works
International perspectives on the supply of informal venture capital
Harrison, R. T., & Mason, C. M. (1992) · Journal of Business Venturing · doi:10.1016/0883-9026(92)90020-r · Cited by 180 · see citing works
- Authors
- Haar, N. E., Starr, J., & MacMillan, I. C.
- Affiliations
- University of Pennsylvania (US)
- Corresponding author
- MacMillan, Ian C.
- Venue
- Journal of Business Venturing
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1988-12
- Volume
- 3
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 11-29
- ISSN
- 0883-9026 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2039502052
- Cited by
- 139
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 4
- FWCI
- 8.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Business Venturing (publishedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Accounting › Private Equity and Venture Capital
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Finance › Community Development and Social Impact
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance
- Keywords
- angel investors, startup financing, referral networks, investment criteria, management ability, East Coast of the United States, entrepreneurial finance, product-market fit
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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
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