The DOI matches its Crossref record; 9 of the 9 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The twin block technique A functional orthopedic appliance system
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“There have been few studies investigating the orthodontic treatment modalities for children with OSA with mandibular retrognathia [12–17], particularly studies assessing the use of twin-block appliances to treat mandibular retrognathia and protrusion.”
From Airway morphology, hyoid position, and serum inflammatory markers of obstructive sleep apnea in children treated with modified twin-block appliances (2025) · cites this paper as [17]
Citations
Cites
Riolo, M. L. (1974) · Deep Blue (University of Michigan) · Cited by 306
Skeletal and dental changes following functional regulator therapy on class II patients
McNamara, J. A., Bookstein, F. L., & Shaughnessy, T. G. (1985) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/0002-9416(85)90233-7 · Cited by 300
Effects of mandibular hyperpropulsion on the prechondroblastic zone of young rat condyle
Jp, C., Petrovic, A. G., & Herrmann-Stutzmann, J. (1969) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/s0002-9416(69)90174-2 · Cited by 190
The twin block traction technique
Clark, W. J. (1982) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/4.2.129 · Cited by 128
Self-citationFunctional determinants of craniofacial size and shape
McNamara, J. A. (1980) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/2.3.131 · Cited by 99
Rp, H. (1982) · PubMed · Cited by 34
Clinical management of the bonded Herbst appliance.
Rp, H., & McNamara, J. A. (1983) · PubMed · Cited by 22
Bone remodelling and orthodontics
Harvold, E. P. (1985) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/7.4.217 · Cited by 15
Primate experiments on oral sensation and morphogenesis.
Harvold, E. P. (1973) · PubMed · Cited by 5
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Treatment timing for Twin-block therapy
Baccetti, T., Franchi, L., Toth, L. R., & McNamara, J. A. (2000) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1067/mod.2000.105571 · Cited by 371
Zymperdikas, V. F., Koretsi, V., Papageorgiou, S. N., & Papadopoulos, M. A. A. P. (2015) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjv034 · Cited by 306
A prospective evaluation of bass, bionator and twin block appliances. Part I - the hard tissues
Illing, H. (1998) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/20.5.501 · Cited by 250
Treatment effects of the twin block appliance: A cephalometric study
Mills, C. M., & McCulloch, K. J. (1998) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(98)70232-x · Cited by 194
Koretsi, V., Zymperdikas, V. F., Papageorgiou, S. N., & Papadopoulos, M. A. (2015) · The European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cju071 · Cited by 191
Toth, L. R., & McNamara, J. A. (1999) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(99)70193-9 · Cited by 190
The effects of Twin Blocks: A prospective controlled study
Lund, D. I., & Sandler, J. (1998) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(98)70282-3 · Cited by 181
Jena, A. K., Duggal, R., & Parkash, H. (2006) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.02.025 · Cited by 137
DeVincenzo, J. P. (1991) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/0889-5406(91)70006-i · Cited by 129
Pangrazio-Kulbersh, V., Berger, J. L., Chermak, D. S., Kaczynski, R., Simon, E. S., & Haerian, A. (2003) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1067/mod.2003.8 · Cited by 120
Voudouris, J. C., & Kuftinec, M. M. (2000) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(00)70231-9 · Cited by 109
Tümer, N., & Gültan, A. (1999) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(99)70233-7 · Cited by 98
Schaefer, A. T., McNamara, J. A., Franchi, L., & Baccetti, T. (2004) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.06.017 · Cited by 95
Soft tissue facial profile changes following functional appliance therapy
Quintão, C. C. A., Brunharo, I. H. V. P., Brunharo, V. P., Menezes, R. C., & Almeida, M. A. O. (2005) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cji067 · Cited by 79
Naini, F. B., & Moss, J. P. (2004) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2003.08.034 · Cited by 71
Singh, G. D., & Clark, W. J. (2001) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1067/mod.2001.113265 · Cited by 61
Self-citationIdris, G., Hajeer, M. Y., & Al-Jundi, A. (2018) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjy014 · Cited by 61
McDonagh, S. (2001) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/23.2.115 · Cited by 59
Inchingolo, A. D., Patano, A., Coloccia, G., Ceci, S., Inchingolo, A. M., Marinelli, G., Malcangi, G., Montenegro, V., Laudadio, C., Pede, C. D., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph19020988 · Cited by 57
The use of functional appliances in contemporary orthodontic practice
DiBiase, A. T., Cobourne, M. T., & Lee, R. T. (2015) · BDJ · doi:10.1038/sj.bdj.2015.44 · Cited by 48
Nucera, R., Giudice, A. L., Rustico, L., Matarese, G., Papadopoulos, M. A. A. P., & Cordasco, G. (2016) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.09.030 · Cited by 48
Jena, A. K., & Duggal, R. (2010) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/062709-359.1 · Cited by 46
Aggarwal, P., Kharbanda, O. P., Mathur, R., Duggal, R., & Parkash, H. (1999) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(99)70225-8 · Cited by 46
Yin, K., Han, E., Guo, J., Yasumura, T., Grauer, D., & Sameshima, G. T. (2019) · Progress in Orthodontics · doi:10.1186/s40510-019-0280-2 · Cited by 45
Flores‐Mir, C., & Major, P. W. (2006) · PubMed · doi:10.1043/0003-3219(2006)076[0876:cfstcw]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 45
DeVincenzo, J. P., & Winn, M. W. (1989) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/0889-5406(89)90454-x · Cited by 44
Burhan, A. S., & Nawaya, F. R. (2014) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cju052 · Cited by 42
Yaqoob, O., DiBiase, A. T., Fleming, P. S., & Cobourne, M. T. (2011) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/041411-268.1 · Cited by 40
Idris, G., Galland, B., Robertson, C. J., Gray, A., & Farella, M. (2018) · Journal of Dentistry · doi:10.1016/j.jdent.2018.01.006 · Cited by 35
Dentoskeletal effects of Twin Block appliance in patients with Class II malocclusion
Khan, M. I., Neela, P. K., Unnisa, N., Jaiswal, A. K., Ahmed, N., & Purkayastha, A. (2021) · Medicine and Pharmacy Reports · doi:10.15386/mpr-1989 · Cited by 34
Elfeky, H. Y., & Fayed, M. M. S. (2015) · Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists · doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2015.06.001 · Cited by 31
Predicting the outcome of twin block functional appliance treatment: a prospective study
Caldwell, S. (1999) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/21.5.533 · Cited by 30
Heritability of dental and skeletal cephalometric variables in monozygous and dizygous Iranian twins
Amini, F., & Borzabadi‐Farahani, A. (2009) · Orthodontic Waves · doi:10.1016/j.odw.2009.01.001 · Cited by 30
Singh, G. D. (2003) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/25.3.225 · Cited by 26
Büyükbayraktar, Z. Ç., & Camcı, H. (2023) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-023-02773-x · Cited by 25
van der Plas, M. C., Janssen, K. I., Pandis, N., & Livas, C. (2017) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/102916-779.1 · Cited by 25
Saikoski, L. Z., Cançado, R. H., Valarelli, F. P., & de Freitas, K. M. S. (2014) · Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1590/2176-9451.19.1.036-045.oar · Cited by 24
Berger, J. L., Pangrazio-Kulbersh, V., George, C., & Kaczynski, R. (2005) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.03.028 · Cited by 24
Direct printed removable appliances: A new approach for the Twin-block appliance
Graf, S., Tarraf, N. E., & Vasudavan, S. (2022) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.08.019 · Cited by 22
A randomized clinical trial of two alternative designs of Twin-block appliance
Trenouth, M. J., & Desmond, S. (2012) · Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1179/14653121226788 · Cited by 22
Duan, J., Xia, W., Yang, K., Li, X., Zhang, F., Xu, J., Jiang, Y., Liang, J., & Li, B. (2022) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2022/3594162 · Cited by 21
Zhang, Y., Zheng, J., Wu, Q., Jiang, T., Xiao, H., Du, Y., Qi, Y., Jin, Z., & Li, F. (2024) · Head & Face Medicine · doi:10.1186/s13005-023-00404-y · Cited by 20
Treatment effects of the R-appliance and twin block in Class II division 1 malocclusion
Jamilian, A., Showkatbakhsh, R., & Amiri, S. (2010) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjq082 · Cited by 20
Al-Anezi, S. A. (2010) · The Saudi Dental Journal · doi:10.1016/j.sdentj.2010.09.005 · Cited by 19
IGF‐1 TMJ injections enhance mandibular growth and bone quality in juvenile rats
Joshi, A. S., Hatch, N. E., Hayami, T., Jheon, A. H., & Kapila, S. (2021) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/ocr.12524 · Cited by 17
Soliman, S., Meyer-Marcotty, P., Hahn, B., Halbleib, K., & Krastl, G. (2018) · PubMed · doi:10.3290/j.jad.a40991 · Cited by 17
Al‐Jewair, T., Hanoun, A., Tabbaa, S., Allaymouni, M. A., & Preston, C. B. (2014) · Clinical Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry · doi:10.2147/ccide.s64119 · Cited by 17
Johnson, J. S., Satyaprasad, S., Chandra, H. S., Havaldar, K. S., Raj, A., & Suresh, N. (2021) · International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-2013 · Cited by 16
The Integration of Functional and Fixed Appliance Treatment
Read, M. J. F. (2001) · Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ortho/28.1.13 · Cited by 16
Skeletal Malocclusion and Genetic Expression: An Evidence-Based Review
Nishio, C., & Huynh, N. T. (2016) · Journal of Dental Sleep Medicine · doi:10.15331/jdsm.5720 · Cited by 15
Li, P., Feng, J. C., Shen, G., & Zhao, N. (2016) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.07.046 · Cited by 15
Singh, G. D. (2002) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1034/j.1600-0544.2002.01121.x · Cited by 15
Orthopedic and orthodontic effects of Twin-block appliance
Jena, A. K., Duggal, R., & Parkash, H. (2005) · Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.17796/jcpd.29.3.c33050g516406336 · Cited by 15
Başçiftçi, F. A., MUTLU, N., Karaman, A. İ., Malkoç, S., & Küçükkolbaşı, H. (2002) · PubMed · doi:10.1043/0003-3219(2002)072 · Cited by 166
Bastiani, C., Bellini‐Pereira, S. A., Castillo, A. A.-D., Chiqueto, K., Henriques, J. F. C., & Janson, G. (2022) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.09.021 · Cited by 14
Soft Tissue Esthetic Changes Following a Modified Twin Block Appliance Therapy: A Prospective Study
Atashi, M. H. A. (2020) · International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1759 · Cited by 14
Afzal, E., & Fida, M. (2019) · Dental and Medical Problems · doi:10.17219/dmp/111976 · Cited by 13
Showkatbakhsh, R., Meibodi, S. E., Jamilian, A., Meybodi, S. A. R. F., & Meybodi, E. M. (2011) · Journal of Applied Oral Science · doi:10.1590/s1678-77572011000600015 · Cited by 13
A story of dental injury and orthodontics.
Kang, Y., & Franco, C. S. (2014) · PubMed · Cited by 13
Mandibular incisal edge demineralization and caries associated with Twin Block appliance design
Dixon, M., Jones, Y., Mackie, I. C., & Derwent, S. K. (2005) · Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1179/146531205225020724 · Cited by 12
Flores‐Mir, C., & Major, P. W. (2009) · Cited by 12
Functional and fixed orthodontic treatment in a child with cerebral palsy
İşcan, H. N., Metin-Gürsoy, G., & Varlık, S. K. (2014) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2013.06.025 · Cited by 12
Kutay, C., Kılıçoğlu, H., & Sayar, G. (2021) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/021421-128.1 · Cited by 11
Zelderloo, A., de Llano‐Pérula, M. C., Verdonck, A., Fieuws, S., & Willems, G. (2016) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjw064 · Cited by 11
Salloum, E., Millett, D. T., Kelly, N., McIntyre, G. T., & Cronin, M. S. (2017) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjx098 · Cited by 11
Dauravu, L. (2014) · JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH · doi:10.7860/jcdr/2014/10747.5354 · Cited by 11
Huang, W., Dong, L., Yu, S., Zheng, Y. R., Wu, H., Li, C., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Q., Yan, X., Lv, T., et al. (2023) · International Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/j.ortho.2023.100815 · Cited by 10
Brunharo, I. H. V. P., Quintão, C. C. A., Almeida, M. A. D. O., Motta, A. T., & Barreto, S. Y. N. (2011) · Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1590/s2176-94512011000500006 · Cited by 10
Portelli, M., Militi, A., Cicciù, M., Giudice, A. L., Cervino, G., Fastuca, R., & Nucera, R. (2018) · The Open Dentistry Journal · doi:10.2174/1745017901814010605 · Cited by 10
Akan, B., & Kurşun, B. Ü. (2021) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/ocr.12516 · Cited by 10
Growth Modification in Class II Malocclusion: A Review
Rita, S. N., & Sadat, S. A. (2015) · Update Dental College Journal · doi:10.3329/updcj.v4i2.24044 · Cited by 9
Effect of class II extractions and functional appliance treatment on smile esthetics
Ali, U. S., Sukhia, R. H., & Fida, M. (2020) · Dental and Medical Problems · doi:10.17219/dmp/115169 · Cited by 9
Mohamed, M. A. H., Abdallah, K. F., & Hussein, F. A. (2020) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj8040115 · Cited by 9
Airway dimensional changes following bone anchored maxillary protraction: a systematic review
Adel, S. M., Abbas, B. A., Marzouk, W., & Zaher, A. R. (2023) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-023-02940-0 · Cited by 8
Albalawi, F., Alwakeel, R., Alfuriji, S., Alqahtani, N., Barakeh, R. M., Alghaihab, A., & Alsaeed, S. (2023) · Diagnostics · doi:10.3390/diagnostics13111875 · Cited by 8
Yu, L., Li, Z., Kang, F., Wang, S., Xie, Z., & Zhu, X. (2023) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7518/hxkq.2023.2022453 · Cited by 8
Baheti, N., Bhad, W. A., & Chavan, S. J. (2021) · Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists · doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2021.11.003 · Cited by 8
Radwan, E. S., Maher, A., & Montasser, M. A. (2023) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/ocr.12696 · Cited by 10
Accelerating Treatment of Skeletal Class II Malocclusion using Fixed Twin Block Appliances
Pattanaik, S., Puvvula, N., & Mohammad, N. (2018) · International Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10005-1501 · Cited by 8
Thakur, V. K., Londhe, S. M., Kumar, P., Sharma, M. R., Jain, A. B., & Pradhan, I. (2020) · Medical Journal Armed Forces India · doi:10.1016/j.mjafi.2020.01.007 · Cited by 8
Skeletal and Dental Effects of Twin-Block Appliances in Patients Treated With or Without Expansion
Büyükçavuş, M. H., & Kale, B. (2021) · doi:10.5152/turkjorthod.2021.20103 · Cited by 8
Yanagihara, M., Tsuiki, S., Setoguchi, Y., & Inoue, Y. (2016) · Journal of Dental Sleep Medicine · doi:10.15331/jdsm.5716 · Cited by 8
Khan, A. R., Fida, M., & Sukhia, R. H. (2019) · International Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/j.ortho.2019.06.009 · Cited by 8
Duan, J., Xia, W., Li, X., Zhang, F., Wang, F., Chen, M., Chen, Q., Wang, B., & Li, B. (2025) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-025-05528-y · Cited by 8
“The twin-block appliance is an MAA that was invented by Clark [17] to correct skeletal class II malocclusion in children during growth and development.”
Effect of orthodontic treatment on traumatized teeth treated by regenerative endodontic procedure
Yoshpe, M., Kaufman, A. Y., & Einy, S. (2025) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/030924-197.1 · Cited by 7
Health-Related Quality of Life Assessment Tools and Sleep-Disordered Breathing
Sheats, R. D. (2016) · Journal of Dental Sleep Medicine · doi:10.15331/jdsm.5718 · Cited by 7
Radwan, E. S., Maher, A., & Montasser, M. A. (2023) · The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-3426 · Cited by 7
Condò, R., Perugia, C., Bartolino, M., & Docimo, R. (2010) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 7
Idris, G., Galland, B. C., Robertson, C. J., & Farella, M. (2016) · Frontiers in Physiology · doi:10.3389/fphys.2016.00353 · Cited by 8
Chitra, P., Pulgaonkar, R., & Moosvi, Z. (2017) · Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology · doi:10.4103/0973-029x.203805 · Cited by 7
Treatment of class II malocclusion and impacted canines with two-phase orthodontic treatment
Gandhi, V., Mehta, F., & Joshi, H. (2017) · Contemporary Clinical Dentistry · doi:10.4103/ccd.ccd_394_16 · Cited by 7
[Functional clear aligner treatment of class Ⅱ malocclusion in teenagers].
Zhou, L., Wang, Y., Zhang, L., & Yao, J. (2019) · PubMed Central · doi:10.7518/hxkq.2019.03.002 · Cited by 7
Removable versus fixed myo-functional appliances in class II malocclusion among Indians
Pawar, R. (2023) · Bioinformation · doi:10.6026/973206300191318 · Cited by 6
Song, Z., Li, C., & Gong, Z. (2025) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-025-88622-z · Cited by 6
Coşkun, E. Y., & Esenlik, E. (2020) · Medical Science Monitor · doi:10.12659/msm.921401 · Cited by 6
Clear Twin Block: A Step Forward in Functional Appliances
Behroozian, A., & Kalman, L. (2020) · Dental Hypotheses · doi:10.4103/denthyp.denthyp_14_20 · Cited by 6
Hu, Y. F., & Li, H. (2023) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-023-04985-5 · Cited by 6
A preliminary report of a new design of cast metal fixed twin-block appliance
Qi, J., Tan, Z., He, H., Pan, D., & Yeweng, S.-J. (2007) · Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1179/146531207225022266 · Cited by 6
Forsus fixed functional appliance therapy for dentoalveolar and profile correction- A case report
Rodrigues, L., Jawale, B. A., Keluskar, K. M., Patil, S., & Belludi, A. (2020) · IP Indian Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Research · doi:10.18231/j.ijodr.2020.051 · Cited by 5
Treatment of Skeletal Class II Division 1 Using Twin Block Myofunctional Appliance
Kalbande, B., Jadhav, V. V., Reche, A. R., Nerurkar, S., & Ghulaxe, Y. (2023) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.47713 · Cited by 5
Metadata
- Authors
- Clark, W. J.
- Corresponding author
- Clark, W.J.
- Venue
- American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1988-01
- Volume
- 93
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 1-18
- ISSN
- 0889-5406 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2088344442
- Cited by
- 224
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 18 · 2020: 15 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 18 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 3
- FWCI
- 3.26
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › General Dentistry › dental development and anomalies
- Keywords
- Twin Block appliance, functional orthopedic appliances, orthodontic appliance design, malocclusion correction, orthodontic appliances
- MeSH terms
- Activator Appliances, Adolescent, Child, Equipment Design, Extraoral Traction Appliances, Female, Humans, Jaw Relation Record, Male, Malocclusion, Maxillofacial Development, Orthodontic Appliances, Removable, Orthodontics, Corrective, Traction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review