Treatment effects of removable functional appliances in patients with class II malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: To assess the treatment effects of removable functional appliances (RFAs) in treated versus untreated patients with Class II malocclusion by means of lateral cephalometric radiographs. SEARCH METHODS: Unrestricted electronic search of 18 databases and manual searches up to October 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA: Prospective randomized and non-randomized controlled trials reporting on cephalometric angular measurements of Class II patients treated with RFAs and their matched controls. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes were annualized and stratified to short- and long-term effects. Methodological limitations were evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool and the Downs and Black checklist. Mean differences (MDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated from random-effects meta-analyses. Patient- or appliance-related subgroup analyses and sensitivity analyses were performed with mixed-effects models. RESULTS: Seventeen studies were included (1031 patients; mean age: 10.6 years), with most of them originating from university clinics and reporting short-term effects (directly after the removal of RFAs). Treatment was associated with minimal reduction of SNA angle (11 studies, MD = -0.28 degree/year, 95% CI: -0.44 to -0.12 degree/year), minimal increase of SNB angle (11 studies, MD = 0.62 degree/year, 95% CI: 0.36-0.88 degree/year), and small decrease of ANB angle (10 studies, MD = -1.14 degree/year, 95% CI: -1.52 to -0.77 degree/year) compared to untreated Class II patients. RFAs caused significant dentoalveolar changes (predominantly retroclination of the upper incisors) and significant soft tissue changes. Skeletal changes were more pronounced with the Twin Block appliance. Various patient- or appliance-related factors influenced the results of the subgroup analyses, while the sensitivity analyses indicated robustness. Existing evidence was inadequate to assess the long-term effectiveness of RFAs. CONCLUSIONS: The short-term evidence indicates that RFAs are effective in improving Class II malocclusion, although their effects are mainly dentoalveolar, rather than skeletal.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
There is no evidence of contra-indications or significant side effects of functional appliances, as their use is short-term in nature.
“Several studies in the literature have investigated the mechanisms of action and the effects of functional appliances and there is no evidence of contra-indications or even significant side effects as its use is short-term in nature.”
From Effectiveness of functional orthodontic appliances in obstructive sleep apnea treatment in children: literature review (2022) · cites this paper as [14]
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test
Egger, M., Smith, G. D., Schneider, M., & Minder, C. (1997) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.315.7109.629 · Cited by 56,722 · see citing works
A Coefficient of Agreement for Nominal Scales
Cohen, J. (1960) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/001316446002000104 · Cited by 42,398 · see citing works
Meta-analysis in clinical trials
DerSimonian, R., & Laird, N. (1986) · Controlled Clinical Trials · doi:10.1016/0197-2456(86)90046-2 · Cited by 39,552 · see citing works
Operating characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias
Begg, C. B., & Mazumdar, M. (1994) · Biometrics · doi:10.2307/2533446 · Cited by 16,955 · see citing works
Borenstein, M., Hedges, L. V., Higgins, J. P. T., & Rothstein, H. R. (2009) · doi:10.1002/9780470743386 · Cited by 14,225 · see citing works
Duval, S., & Tweedie, R. (2000) · Biometrics · doi:10.1111/j.0006-341x.2000.00455.x · Cited by 14,099 · see citing works
Liberati, A., Altman, D. G., Tetzlaff, J., Mulrow, C., Gøtzsche, P. C., Ioannidis, J. P. A., Clarke, M., Devereaux, P. J., Kleijnen, J., & Moher, D. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2009.06.006 · Cited by 10,578 · see citing works
Downs, S. H., & Black, N. (1998) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech.52.6.377 · Cited by 8,252 · see citing works
GRADE guidelines: a new series of articles in the Journal of Clinical Epidemiology
Guyatt, G. H., Oxman, A. D., Schünemann, H. J., Tugwell, P., & Knottnerus, A. (2011) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.09.011 · Cited by 3,094 · see citing works
A Re-Evaluation of Random-Effects Meta-Analysis
Higgins, J. P. T., Thompson, S. G., & Spiegelhalter, D. J. (2009) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A: Statistics in Society · doi:10.1111/j.1467-985x.2008.00552.x · Cited by 2,569 · cited 1× · see citing works
“For meta-analyses with ≥3 trials, 95% prediction intervals (PIs) (58, 59) were calculated to predict treatment effects in a future setting.”
MethodPeters, J. L., Sutton, A. J., Jones, D. R., Abrams, K. R., & Rushton, L. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2007.11.010 · Cited by 2,053 · see citing works
PRISMA for Abstracts: Reporting Systematic Reviews in Journal and Conference Abstracts
Beller, E. M., Glasziou, P. P., Altman, D. G., Hopewell, S., Bastian, H., Chalmers, I., Gøtzsche, P. C., Lasserson, T., Tovey, D., & for the PRISMA for Abstracts Group (2013) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001419 · Cited by 706 · see citing works
Interpretation of tests of heterogeneity and bias in meta-analysis
Ioannidis, J. P. A. (2008) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2753.2008.00986.x · Cited by 696 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Additional analyses Possible sources of heterogeneity were sought through pre-specified mixed-effects subgroup analyses and random-effects meta-regression with the Knapp–Hartung adjustment (60).”
MethodMandibular changes produced by functional appliances in Class II malocclusion: A systematic review
Cozza, P., Baccetti, T., Franchi, L., Toffol, L. D., & McNamara, J. A. (2006) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.11.010 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
Perspectives in the clinical application of cephalometrics. The first fifty years.
Ricketts, R. (1981) · PubMed · doi:10.1043/0003-3219(1981)051 · Cited by 445 · see citing works
Treatment timing for Twin-block therapy
Baccetti, T., Franchi, L., Toth, L. R., & McNamara, J. A. (2000) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1067/mod.2000.105571 · Cited by 371 · see citing works
Tulloch, J. F. C., Phillips, C. L., Koch, G. G., & Proffit, W. R. (1997) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(97)80021-2 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Skeletal and dental changes following functional regulator therapy on class II patients
McNamara, J. A., Bookstein, F. L., & Shaughnessy, T. G. (1985) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/0002-9416(85)90233-7 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
A prospective evaluation of bass, bionator and twin block appliances. Part I - the hard tissues
Illing, H. (1998) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/20.5.501 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Sloan, J., Symonds, T., Vargas-Chanes, D., & Fridley, B. (2003) · Drug Information Journal · doi:10.1177/009286150303700105 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
The influence of functional appliance therapy on glenoid fossa remodeling
Woodside, D. G., Metaxas, A., & Altuna, G. (1987) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/0889-5406(87)90411-2 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
The twin block technique A functional orthopedic appliance system
Clark, W. J. (1988) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/0889-5406(88)90188-6 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Cephalometric evaluation of treatment effect on Class II, Division 1 malocclusions
Jakobsson, S. O. (1967) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/0002-9416(67)90005-x · Cited by 210 · see citing works
Krailassiri, S., Anuwongnukroh, N., & Dechkunakorn, S. (2002) · PubMed · doi:10.1043/0003-3219(2002)072 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Response to activator treatment in Class II malocclusions
Vargervik, K., & Harvold, E. P. (1985) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/s0002-9416(85)90219-2 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Pancherz, H. (1984) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/0002-9416(84)90004-6 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Toth, L. R., & McNamara, J. A. (1999) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(99)70193-9 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Effects of mandibular hyperpropulsion on the prechondroblastic zone of young rat condyle
Jp, C., Petrovic, A. G., & Herrmann-Stutzmann, J. (1969) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/s0002-9416(69)90174-2 · Cited by 190 · see citing works
Stöckli, P. W., & Willert, H. G. (1971) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/0002-9416(71)90030-3 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Sinha, P. K. (1996) · The Journal of the American Dental Association · doi:10.14219/jada.archive.1996.0305 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
The effects of Twin Blocks: A prospective controlled study
Lund, D. I., & Sandler, J. (1998) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(98)70282-3 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
The effect of activator treatment on Class II malocclusions
Wieslander, L., & Lagerström, L. (1979) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/0002-9416(79)90136-2 · Cited by 168 · see citing works
Long-term mandibular adaptations to protrusive function: An experimental study in Macaca mulatta
McNamara, J. A., & Bryan, F. A. (1987) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/0889-5406(87)90364-7 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Analysis of efficacy of functional appliances on mandibular growth
Chen, J. Y., Will, L. A., & Niederman, R. (2002) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1067/mod.2002.126730 · Cited by 153 · see citing works
A prospective evaluation of Bass, Bionator and Twin Block appliances
Morris, D. (1998) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/20.6.663 · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Mandibular changes during functional appliance treatment
Nelson, C., Harkness, M., & Herbison, P. (1993) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(05)81005-4 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Ast, D. B., Carlos, J. P., & Cons, N. C. (1965) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/0002-9416(65)90241-1 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
A Comparison of Hand-wrist Bone and Cervical Vertebral Analyses in Measuring Skeletal Maturation
Gandini, P., Mancini, M., & Andreani, F. (2006) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/070605-217 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
Jena, A. K., Duggal, R., & Parkash, H. (2006) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.02.025 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Voudouris, J. C., Woodside, D. G., Altuna, G., Angelopoulos, G., Bourque, P. J., & Lacouture, C. Y. (2003) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(03)00150-1 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Pancherz, H., Ruf, S., & Kohlhas, P. (1998) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(98)70190-8 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Marsico, E., Gatto, E., Burrascano, M., Matarese, G., & Cordasco, G. (2010) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2010.04.028 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Fra¨nkel appliance therapy: Orthopedic or orthodontic?
Creekmore, T. D., & Radney, L. J. (1983) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/s0002-9416(83)90294-4 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Longitudinal changes in standing height and mandibular parameters between the ages of 8 and 17 years
Bishara, S. E., Jamison, J. E., Peterson, L. C., & DeKock, W. H. (1981) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/0002-9416(81)90213-x · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Josefsson, E., Bjerklin, K., & Lindsten, R. (2007) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjl054 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Timing of Class II treatment: Skeletal changes comparing 1-phase and 2-phase treatment
Dolce, C., McGorray, S. P., Brazeau, L., King, G. J., & Wheeler, T. T. (2007) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.08.046 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Baysal, A., & Uysal, T. (2011) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjq187 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Alkhal, H., Wong, R., & Rabie, A. B. M. (2008) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/0003-3219(2008)078[0591:cbcacv]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Franchi, L., Pavoni, C., Faltin, K., McNamara, J. A., & Cozza, P. (2012) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/052912-450.1 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Graham, P. L., & Moran, J. L. (2012) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.09.012 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Hansen, K., Pancherz, H., & Hägg, U. (1991) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/13.6.471 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Lowe, A. A., Ozbek, M. M., Miyamoto, K., Pae, E., & Fleetham, J. A. (1997) · PubMed · doi:10.1043/0003-3219(1997)067 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Orthodontic treatment for prominent upper front teeth in children
Harrison, J. E., O'Brien, K. D., & Worthington, H. V. (2007) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003452.pub2 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Jakobsson, S.-O., & Paulin, G. (1990) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/12.2.174 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
An examination of treatment changes in children treated with the function regulator of Fränkel
Robertson, N. R. (1983) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/0002-9416(83)90225-7 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Falck, F., Fränkel, R., & Emeritus (1989) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/0889-5406(89)90353-3 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Soft tissue facial profile changes following functional appliance therapy
Quintão, C. C. A., Brunharo, I. H. V. P., Brunharo, V. P., Menezes, R. C., & Almeida, M. A. O. (2005) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cji067 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Micro-electronic monitoring of functional appliance wear
Sahm, G., Bartsch, A., & Witt, E. (1990) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/12.3.297 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Antonarakis, G. S., & Kiliaridis, S. (2007) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/061706-244 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Comparison of the effects of Twin Block and activator treatment on the soft tissue profile
Varlık, S. K., Gültan, A., & Tumer, N. (2008) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjm121 · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Barnett, G. A., Higgins, D. W., Major, P. W., & Flores‐Mir, C. (2007) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/031107-123.1 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Martina, R., Cioffi, I., Galeotti, A., Tagliaferri, R., Cimino, R., Michelotti, A., Valletta, R., Farella, M., & Paduano, S. (2013) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/ocr.12013 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Banks, P. A., Wright, J., & O'Brien, K. D. (2004) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.03.024 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Skeletal profile changes related to two patterns of activator effects
Luder, H. U. (1982) · American Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1016/0002-9416(82)90076-8 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Class II treatment effects of the Frankel appliance
Janson, G. (2003) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/25.3.301 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Maxillary and cranial base changes during treatment with functional appliances
Courtney, M., Harkness, M., & Herbison, P. (1996) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/s0889-5406(96)70073-2 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
“Effective” TMJ and Chin Position Changes in Class II Treatment
Serbesis-Tsarudis, C., & Pancherz, H. (2008) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/082707-391.1 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Meta-analysis of skeletal mandibular changes during Frankel appliance treatment
Perillo, L., Cannavale, R., Ferro, F., Franchi, L., Masucci, C., Chiodini, P., & Baccetti, T. (2010) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjq033 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Flores‐Mir, C., & Major, P. W. (2006) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjl034 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Goldstein, M. S., & Stanton, F. L. (1936) · International Journal of Orthodontia and Oral Surgery · doi:10.1016/s1072-3498(36)80079-x · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Success rate and efficiency of activator treatment
Casutt, C., Pancherz, H., Gawora, M., & Ruf, S. (2007) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjm066 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Flores‐Mir, C., & Major, P. W. (2006) · PubMed · doi:10.1043/0003-3219(2006)076[0876:cfstcw]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Sidhu, M. S., Kharbanda, O. P., & Sidhu, S. S. (1995) · British Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1179/bjo.22.1.1 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Current concepts on functional appliances and mandibular growth stimulation
Collett, A. R. (2000) · Australian Dental Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1834-7819.2000.tb00553.x · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Treatment effects of headgear biteplane and bionator appliances
de Almeida‐Pedrin, R. R., de Almeida, M. R., de Almeida, R. R., Pinzan, A., & Ferreira, F. P. (2007) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.07.030 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Bala, M., Pathak, A. N., & Jain, R. (2010) · Journal of Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry · doi:10.4103/0970-4388.66746 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Hohoff, A., Stamm, T., Kühne, N., Wiechmann, D., Haufe, S., Lippold, C., & Ehmer, U. (2003) · PubMed · doi:10.1043/0003-3219(2003)073 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Analysis of activator treatment changes
Hashim, H. A. (1991) · Australasian Orthodontic Journal · doi:10.2478/aoj-1991-0018 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
An international comparison of early treatment of angle class-II/1 cases
Ehmer, U., Tulloch, C., Proffit, W. R., & Phillips, C. L. (1999) · Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie · doi:10.1007/bf01388192 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Long-term treatment effects of the FR-2 appliance: a prospective evalution 7 years post-treatment
Angelieri, F., Franchi, L., Cevidanes, L., Scanavini, M. A., & McNamara, J. A. (2013) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjt026 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Clinical outcomes of Fränkel appliance therapy assessed with a counterpart analysis
Cevidanes, L., Franco, A. D. A., Scanavini, M. A., Vigorito, J. W., Enlow, D. H., & Proffit, W. R. (2003) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1067/mod.2003.74 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Brunharo, I. H. V. P., Quintão, C. C. A., Almeida, M. A. D. O., Motta, A. T., & Barreto, S. Y. N. (2011) · Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1590/s2176-94512011000500006 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Treating Class II Patients with Removable Plates and Functional Orthopedic Appliances
Hönn, M., Schneider, C., Dietz, K., Godt, A., & Göz, G. (2006) · Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie · doi:10.1007/s00056-006-0529-5 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Do functional orthodontic appliances stimulate mandibular growth in class II division 1 patients?
Bertl, M. H., Mandl, C., & Crismani, A. G. (2011) · international journal of stomatology & occlusion medicine · doi:10.1007/s12548-011-0009-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Greco, M., Fichera, G., Caltabiano, M., Barbato, E., & Leonardi, R. (2010) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Vertical skeletal and dental changes in earlytreatment of class II malocclusion
Dolce, C., Babh, L. K., McGorray, S. P., Taylor, M. G., King, G. J., & Wheeler, T. T. (2002) · Seminars in Orthodontics · doi:10.1053/sodo.2002.125433 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Niu, Y., & Zhou, H. (2011) · PubMed · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
6 of the 93 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Research works printed but not linked: 6
- Creekmore, T.D. and Radney, L.J. (1983) Fränkel appliance therapy: ortho- pedic or orthodontic? American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, 83, 89-108.
- Rasool, G., Bashir, U. and Kundi, I. (2010) Comparative evaluation between cervical vertebrae and hand-wrist maturation for assessment of skeletal maturity orthodontic patients. Pakistan Oral & Dental Journal, 30, 85-95.
- Harmelink, K. (2010) Effects of neurolytic blocks (botulinum toxin type A and motor branch block) in patients with a Stiff Knee Gait: A systematic review. Master Thesis, Utrecht University.
- Morissette, K., Tricco, A.C., Horsley, T., Chen, M.H. and Moher, D. (2011) Blinded versus unblended assessments of risk of bias in studies included in a sys- tematic review. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 9, MR000025.
- Andreoli, F.A.M. (2008) Avaliação cefalométrica da estabilidade do trata- mento com o regulador de função Fränkel-2. Master Thesis, Methodist University of São Paulo.
- Brunharo, I.H.V.P., Quintão, C.A., Almeida, M.A.D.O., Motta, A. and Barreto, S.Y.N. (2011) Dentoskeletal changes in Class II malocclusion patients after treatment with the Twin Block functional appliance. Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics, 16, e1-e8.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Zymperdikas, V. F., Koretsi, V., Papageorgiou, S. N., & Papadopoulos, M. A. A. P. (2015) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjv034 · Cited by 306 · see citing works
Self-citationBatista, K. B. D. S. L., Thiruvenkatachari, B., Harrison, J. E., & O'Brien, K. D. (2018) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd003452.pub4 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Xiang, M., Hu, B., Liu, Y., Sun, J., & Song, J. (2017) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2017.04.009 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Pacha, M. M., Fleming, P. S., & Johal, A. (2015) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjv086 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Abbing, A., Koretsi, V., Eliades, T., & Papageorgiou, S. N. (2020) · Progress in Orthodontics · doi:10.1186/s40510-020-00334-4 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Self-citationPerinetti, G., & Contardo, L. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/1367691 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Idris, G., Hajeer, M. Y., & Al-Jundi, A. (2018) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjy014 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Arvind, P., & Jain, R. K. (2020) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/ocr.12414 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Parekh, J., Counihan, K., Fleming, P. S., Pandis, N., & Sharma, P. K. (2019) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.07.016 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Lone, I. M., Zohud, O., Midlej, K., Proff, P., Watted, N., & Iraqi, F. A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm12155148 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Nucera, R., Giudice, A. L., Rustico, L., Matarese, G., Papadopoulos, M. A. A. P., & Cordasco, G. (2016) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.09.030 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationMaspero, C. M. N., Farronato, M., Bellincioni, F., Cavagnetto, D., & Abate, A. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-68562-6 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Ishaq, R. A. R., Alhammadi, M. S., Fayed, M. M. S., Abouelezz, A. M., & Mostafa, Y. A. (2016) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2015.11.023 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Isidor, S., Carlo, G. D., Cornelis, M. A., Isidor, F., & Cattaneo, P. M. (2018) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/083117-587.1 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Kyburz, S. K., Eliades, T., & Papageorgiou, S. N. (2019) · Progress in Orthodontics · doi:10.1186/s40510-019-0286-9 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Self-citationPavoni, C., Lombardo, E. C., Lione, R., Faltin, K., McNamara, J. A., Cozza, P., & Franchi, L. (2018) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjx078 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Cacciatore, G., Ugolini, A., Sforza, C., Gbinigie, O. A., & Plüddemann, A. (2019) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0221624 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Elkordy, S. A., Aboalnaga, A. A., Fayed, M. M. S., Aboulfotouh, M. H., & Abouelezz, A. M. (2015) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjv081 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Antonarakis, G. S., & Kiliaridis, S. (2015) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cju089 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Vásquez-Cárdenas, J., Zapata-Noreña, Ó., Carvajal-Flórez, Á., Barbosa-Liz, D. M., Giannakopoulos, N. N., & Faggion, C. M. (2019) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.05.009 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Bidjan, D., Sallmann, R., Eliades, T., & Papageorgiou, S. N. (2020) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm9123806 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Self-citationŠpalj, S., Tranesen, K. M., Birkeland, K., Katić, V., Pavlić, A., & Vandevska‐Radunovic, V. (2017) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2017/4861924 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Quinzi, V., Marchetti, E., Guerriero, L., Bosco, F., Marzo, G., & Mummolo, S. (2020) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj8010026 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Bariani, R. C. B., Bigliazzi, R., Cappellette Junior, M., Moreira, G., & Fujita, R. R. (2022) · Brazilian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.bjorl.2021.02.010 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Papageorgiou, S. N., Koletsi, D., & Eliades, T. (2019) · Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1177/1465312519880558 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Self-citationAl-Dumaini, A. A., Halboub, E. S., Alhammadi, M. S., Ishaq, R. A. R., & Youssef, M. (2018) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.020 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Treatment of Class II Malocclusion in the Growing Patient: Early or Late?
Giuntini, V., McNamara, J. A., & Franchi, L. (2023) · Seminars in Orthodontics · doi:10.1053/j.sodo.2023.04.008 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Bellini‐Pereira, S. A., Pupulim, D. C., Castillo, A. A.-D., Henriques, J. F. C., & Janson, G. (2019) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjz030 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Functional appliance treatment for mandibular fractures: A systematic review with meta‐analyses
Stähli, C., Eliades, T., & Papageorgiou, S. N. (2021) · Journal of Oral Rehabilitation · doi:10.1111/joor.13178 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Self-citationAl‐Dboush, R., Soltan, R., Rao, J., & El-bialy, T. H. (2021) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/ocr.12510 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Orthodontic Compliance Assessment: A Systematic Review
Nahajowski, M., Lis, J., & Sarul, M. (2022) · International Dental Journal · doi:10.1016/j.identj.2022.07.004 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Elhamouly, Y., El‐Housseiny, A. A., Ismail, H., & Habashy, L. M. E. (2020) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj8020044 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Does daily wear time of Twin Block reliably predict its efficiency of class II treatment?
Sarul, M., Nahajowski, M., Gawin, G., & Antoszewska-Smith, J. (2021) · Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie · doi:10.1007/s00056-021-00300-7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Luca, L., Cervinara, F., Guiducci, D., Spedicato, G. A., & Siciliani, G. (2022) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.12.024 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Patients’ and Parents’ Perception of Functional Appliances: A Survey Study
Sezici, Y. L., Bozkurt, A. P., & Yetkiner, E. (2017) · Turkish Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.5152/turkjorthod.2017.17015 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Santori, F., Masedu, F., Ciavarella, D., Staderini, E., Chimenti, C., & Tepedino, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-93343-0 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Tsiouli, K., Topouzelis, N., Papadopoulos, M. A. A. P., & Gkantidis, N. (2017) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2016.12.017 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationHourfar, J., Lisson, J. A., Gross, U., Frye, L., & Kinzinger, G. S. M. (2017) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-017-2177-0 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Comparison of facial soft tissue changes after treatment with 3 different functional appliances
Çelik, Ö., & Malkoç, S. (2020) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.06.020 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Baloescu, C., Parhar, A., Liu, R., & Wanjiku, G. (2022) · Ultrasound in Medicine & Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2022.04.221 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Özbilek, S., Gungor, A. Y., & Çelik, S. (2017) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/120616-875.1 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Babaki, F. A., Araghbidi-Kashani, S., & Mokhtari, S. (2016) · Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dentistry · doi:10.4317/jced.53031 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
DiBiase, A. T., Lucchesi, L., Qureshi, U., & Lee, R. T. (2019) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjz059 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Espinosa, D. G., Santos, M., Mendes, S. M. D. A., & Normando, D. (2019) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjz089 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Evaluation of soft-tissue changes in young adults treated with the Forsus fatigue-resistant device
Akan, B., & Veli, İ. (2020) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.05.014 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Santana, L. G., Avelar, K., Flores‐Mir, C., & Marques, L. S. (2020) · Orthodontics and Craniofacial Research · doi:10.1111/ocr.12388 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Toti, Ç., Kaçani, G., Meto, A., Droboniku, E., Gurakuqi, A., Tanellari, O., Hysi, D., & Fiorillo, L. (2023) · Prosthesis · doi:10.3390/prosthesis5040073 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Madian, A. M., & Elfouly, D. (2023) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-023-03701-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Psomiadis, S., Gkantidis, N., Sifakakis, I., & Iatrou, I. A. (2023) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm13010091 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Rodrigues, J., Evangelopoulos, E., Anagnostopoulos, I., Sachdev, N., Ismail, A., Samsudin, A. R., Khalaf, K., Pattanaik, S., & Shetty, S. R. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e27284 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Schmid‐Herrmann, C. U., Delfs, J., Mahaini, L., Schumacher, E., Hirsch, C., Koehne, T., & Kahl‐Nieke, B. (2022) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-022-04768-4 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Janson, G., Castillo, A. A.-D., & Niederberger, A. (2016) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/030716-198.1 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Zouloumi, M.-E., Tsiouli, K., Psomiadis, S., Kolokitha, O.-E., Topouzelis, N., & Gkantidis, N. (2019) · Progress in Orthodontics · doi:10.1186/s40510-019-0294-9 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Long-term effects of Class II orthodontic treatment on oral health
Bock, N. C., Saffar, M., Hudel, H., Evälahti, M., Heikinheimo, K., Rice, D. P. C., & Ruf, S. (2018) · Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie · doi:10.1007/s00056-018-0125-5 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Upper Airway Changes in Diverse Orthodontic Looms: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Alswairki, H. J., Alam, M. K., Rahman, S. A., Alsuwailem, R., & Alanazi, S. H. (2022) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app12020916 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Xie, J., Huang, C., Yin, K., Park, J., & Xu, Y. (2021) · Annals of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.21037/apm-21-3205 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Pharyngeal airway effects of Herbst and skeletal anchored Forsus FRD EZ appliances
Çelikoğlu, M., Büyük, S. K., Ekizer, A., & Unal, T. (2016) · International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology · doi:10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.08.020 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Hourfar, J., Lisson, J. A., & Kinzinger, G. S. M. (2021) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03460-9 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Almrayati, D. M., Hajeer, M. Y., Almusawi, A. O. A., Jaber, S. T., Baba, M. O., & Ajaj, M. A. (2024) · Cureus · doi:10.7759/cureus.57070 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Gazzani, F., Franchi, L., Lione, R., Cozza, P., & Pavoni, C. (2021) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjab008 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Alhammadi, M. S., Qasem, A. A. A., Yamani, A. M. S., Duhduh, R. D. A., Alshahrani, R., Halboub, E. S., & Almashraqi, A. A. (2022) · BMC Oral Health · doi:10.1186/s12903-022-02363-3 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zelderloo, A., de Llano‐Pérula, M. C., Verdonck, A., Fieuws, S., & Willems, G. (2016) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjw064 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kochar, G. D., Londhe, S. M., Shivpuri, A., Chopra, S. S., Mitra, R., & Verma, M. (2020) · Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie · doi:10.1007/s00056-020-00239-1 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Galluccio, G., Guarnieri, R., Jamshir, D., Impellizzeri, A., Ierardo, G., & Barbato, E. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18136978 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Moura, W. D. S., Henriques, J. F. C., Gambardela-Tkacz, C. M., Cotrin, P., Garib, D. G., & Janson, G. (2021) · Progress in Orthodontics · doi:10.1186/s40510-021-00389-x · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Portelli, M., Militi, A., Cicciù, M., Giudice, A. L., Cervino, G., Fastuca, R., & Nucera, R. (2018) · The Open Dentistry Journal · doi:10.2174/1745017901814010605 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Xiong, X., Huang, Y., Liu, W., Wu, Y., Yi, Y., & Wang, J. (2020) · The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2897 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Bibliometric analysis of research publications in three major orthodontic journals during 2012–2021
Li, J., Onsiong, K. S. L. S. H., Cheung, E. Y. L., & Lin, Y. (2022) · APOS Trends in Orthodontics · doi:10.25259/apos_137_2022 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Dentoskeletal effects produced by a Jasper Jumper with an anterior bite plane
Bassarelli, T., Franchi, L., Defraia, E., & Melsen, B. (2016) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/110115-737.1 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Gao, H., Fu, D., Wang, S., Wei, M., Zou, L., & Liu, J. (2024) · American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics · doi:10.1016/j.ajodo.2024.03.015 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Three-Dimensional Evaluation of Soft Tissue Changes after Functional Therapy
Yıldırım, E., Karaçay, Ş., & Tekin, D. (2021) · Scanning · doi:10.1155/2021/9928101 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Mohamed, M. A. H., Abdallah, K. F., & Hussein, F. A. (2020) · Dentistry Journal · doi:10.3390/dj8040115 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Atik, E., & Kocadereli, İ. (2016) · Case Reports in Dentistry · doi:10.1155/2016/3168312 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Karamesinis, K., & Basdra, E. K. (2018) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease · doi:10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.02.007 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Psomiadis, S., Sifakakis, I., Iatrou, I. A., & Gkantidis, N. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14124277 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Dipalma, G., Inchingolo, A. D., Cardarelli, F., Lorenzo, A. D., Viapiano, F., Ferrante, L., Inchingolo, F., Venere, D. D., Palermo, A., Marinelli, G., et al. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm14155297 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Brito, D. B. D. A., Bellini‐Pereira, S. A., Fiedler, C. F., Henriques, J. F. C., & Janson, G. (2022) · Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1590/2177-6709.27.6.e2221174.oar · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Pacha, M. M., Fleming, P. S., Shagmani, M., & Johal, A. (2023) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjad065 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Antonarakis, G. S., & Kiliaridis, S. (2018) · Iranian Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.5812/ijo.67036 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Medina, C. C., Ueda, H. M., Iwai, K., Kunimatsu, R., & Tanimoto, K. (2021) · European Oral Research · doi:10.26650/eor.2022807392 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Luyten, J., Vierendeel, M., Roo, N. M. C. D., Temmerman, L., & Pauw, G. A. M. D. (2021) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjab084 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Angle class II correction: stepwise mandibular advancement or bite jumping?
Knösel, M., Espinoza‐Espinoza, G., Vidal, P. S., & Zaror, C. (2020) · Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie · doi:10.1007/s00056-020-00226-6 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Wong, K. F., Chen, W., Ren, J., Yang, Y., & Lin, Y. (2022) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm11247428 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Hourfar, J., Kinzinger, G. S. M., Euchner, L., & Lisson, J. A. (2019) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-019-03115-4 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Sevillano, M. G. C., Carvalho, F. D. A. R., Miguel, J. A. M., Batista, K. B. D. S. L., Fernandes, L. Q. P., Blanco‐Victorio, D. J., & Quintão, C. C. A. (2025) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjaf038 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Stergiopulos, O., Houstis, O., Kiliaridis, S., & Antonarakis, G. S. (2018) · European Journal of Orthodontics · doi:10.1093/ejo/cjy047 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Outcomes of Early Class II Malocclusion Treatment - A Systematic Review
Bondemark, L. (2018) · Dentistry Oral Health & Cosmesis · doi:10.24966/dohc-6783/100009 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Class II treatment by palatal miniscrew-system appliance: A case report
Lombardo, L., Occhiuto, G., Paoletto, E., Maino, B. G., & Siciliani, G. (2019) · The Angle Orthodontist · doi:10.2319/080218-559.1 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Treatment efficiency of activator and skeletal anchored Forsus Fatigue Resistant Device appliances
İnce-Bingöl, S., Kaya, B., Bayram, B., & Arman‐Özçırpıcı, A. (2020) · Clinical Oral Investigations · doi:10.1007/s00784-020-03458-3 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Eissa, O., Diar-Bakirly, S., Saltaji, H., & El-bialy, T. H. (2024) · Journal of Orthodontic Science · doi:10.4103/jos.jos_13_24 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
An updated systematic review regarding early Class II malocclusion correction
Bondemark, L., Kallunki, J., & Paulsson, L. (2019) · Journal of the World Federation of Orthodontists · doi:10.1016/j.ejwf.2019.06.002 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nahajowski, M., Lis, J., & Sarul, M. (2022) · Sensors · doi:10.3390/s22072435 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Chen, W., Zhan, C., Chung, S. M., & Lin, Y. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-78740-5 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Venkatesan, K., �Kailasam, V., Padmanabhan, S., & Vaiid, N. (2025) · Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie · doi:10.1007/s00056-025-00585-y · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Mecenas, P., Bastos, R. T. D. R. M., Fagundes, N. C. F., & Normando, D. (2025) · Progress in Orthodontics · doi:10.1186/s40510-025-00564-4 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Role of initial facial attractiveness in the perceived aesthetic outcome of convex profile treatment
Psomiadis, S., Iatrou, I. A., Sifakakis, I., & Gkantidis, N. (2025) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.19997 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Treatment of Class II Malocclusion With Removable Functional Appliances: A Narrative Review
Hirji, S. N., Qamruddin, I., Mudassar, M. A., Khurshid, Z., & Alam, M. K. (2021) · European Journal of General Dentistry · doi:10.1055/s-0041-1736379 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Shahi, A. K., Sharma, P., Juneja, A., Shetty, D., Bhardwaj, R., & Jain, S. (2021) · The Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society · doi:10.1177/03015742211057241 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Bock, N. C., Jungbauer, R., Rudzki, I., Proff, P., & Ruf, S. (2023) · Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics / Fortschritte der Kieferorthopädie · doi:10.1007/s00056-023-00457-3 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Nucera, R., Barbera, S., Militi, A., Portelli, M., Peditto, M., Oteri, G., & Bellocchio, A. M. (2023) · Seminars in Orthodontics · doi:10.1053/j.sodo.2023.05.006 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
- Authors
- Koretsi, V., Zymperdikas, V. F., Papageorgiou, S. N., & Papadopoulos, M. A.
- Affiliations
- University Hospital Regensburg (DE)
- Hellenic Air Force (GR)
- University of Bonn (DE)
- Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (GR)
- Venue
- The European Journal of Orthodontics
- Publisher
- Oxford University Press (OUP)
- Published
- 2014-11-13
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 418-434
- ISSN
- 0141-5387 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-2210
- OpenAlex
- W4249036357
- Cited by
- 191
- References
- 93
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7
- FWCI
- 1.94
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- European Journal of Orthodontics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Dentistry › Orthodontics › Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Cleft Lip and Palate Research
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Craniofacial Disorders and Treatments
- Keywords
- removable functional appliances, Class II malocclusion, cephalometric changes, SNA angle, SNB angle, ANB angle, Twin Block appliance, dentoalveolar changes, skeletal changes, soft tissue changes, pediatric orthodontic treatment
- MeSH terms
- Cephalometry, Humans, Malocclusion, Angle Class II, Mandible, Maxilla, Orthodontic Appliances, Removable, Treatment Outcome, Orthodontic Appliances, Functional
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
