Energy expenditure by indirect calorimetry in premenopausal women: variation within one menstrual cycle
Abstract
Energy expenditure in relation to the menstrual cycle was determined by indirect calorimetry in premenopausal women. For each subject, three measurements were made within a single menstrual cycle. Energy. expenditure measurements coincided with the subject's expected hormonal fluxes of estradiol and progesterone: menstrual phase-both hormones at basal levels; follicular phase-elevated estradiol; and luteal phase-elevated progesterone. In experiment 1, resting energy expenditure of 14 women was determined for 1 hour using a canopy system for calorimetry; in experiment 2, 24-hour energy expenditures of 12 subjects were measured in a room-size calorimeter. Blood from fasted (12 hours) subjects was collected following measurements of energy expenditure and analyzed for serum estradiol-17B and progesterone by radioimmunoassay. In experiment 1, resting energy expenditure did not differ within one menstrual cycle; neither estradiol nor progesterone affected resting energy expenditure. In experiment 2, 24-hour energy expenditure was significantly lower (P < 0.013) during the follicular phase when compared with the menstrual (-3.8%) and luteal (-4.9%) phases. Lowered 24-hour energy expenditure during the follicular phase may in part be due to a decrease in spontaneous activity and exercise. Energy expenditure during sleep, an indicator of metabolic energy expenditure, was significantly greater (P < 0.0001) during the luteal phase than during the menstrual (+6.7%) and follicular (+5.4%) phases; this was a reflection of increased progesterone (P < 0.0001). Twenty-four hour energy expenditure (mean +/- SEM) during the menstrual, follicular, and luteal phases was 8.86 +/- 0.26, 8.52 +/- 0.22, and 8.96 +/- 0.21 MJ/d, respectively. Corresponding values for energy expenditure during sleep were 5.49 +/- 0.09, 5.56 +/- 0.10, and 5.86 +/- 0.11 MJ/d. The menstrual cycle is a significant contributor to variation in energy expenditure through progesterone-mediated increases in metabolic rate. Variation in metabolic energy expenditure was detectable when the contributory, components of 24-hour energy expenditure were measured.
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From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [70]
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- Authors
- Howe, J. C., Rumpler, W. V., & Seale, J. L.
- Affiliations
- Agricultural Research Service (US)
- Corresponding author
- Howe, Juliette C.
- Venue
- The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1993-05
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 268-273
- ISSN
- 0955-2863 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2032375533
- Cited by
- 40
- References
- 19
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 5 · 2018: 1 · 2016: 1 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 2 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 0.88
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Menopause: Health Impacts and Treatments
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones
- Keywords
- energy expenditure, menstrual cycle, premenopausal women, progesterone, estradiol, follicular phase, luteal phase, resting energy expenditure, 24-hour energy expenditure, sleep energy expenditure, basal metabolic rate, hormonal regulation of metabolism
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