Changes in sleeping energy metabolism and thermoregulation during menstrual cycle
Open accessAbstract
Women with ovulatory menstrual cycles show an increase in body temperature in the luteal phase, compared with follicular phase, particularly during the night. Several, albeit not all, studies reported higher energy expenditure in the luteal phase compared with follicular phase. Q10 of biological reactions lies between 2.0 and 3.0, predicting a 7-12% increase in energy expenditure when body temperature rises by 1°C. In this study, temperature dependence of energy expenditure was assessed by comparing changes in sleeping energy expenditure and thermoregulation with menstrual cycle in 9 young females. Energy expenditure was measured using a metabolic chamber, in which sleep was recorded polysomnographically, and core body temperature and skin temperature were continuously monitored. Distal-to-proximal skin temperature gradient was assessed as an index of heat dissipation. In the luteal phase, a significant increase in average core body temperature (+0.27°C) and energy expenditure (+6.9%) were observed. Heat dissipation was suppressed during the first 2 hr of sleep in the luteal phase, compared with follicular phase. Rise in basal body temperature in the luteal phase was accompanied by increased energy expenditure and suppressed heat dissipation. The 6.9% increase in metabolic rate would require a Q10 of 12.4 to be attributable solely to temperature (+0.27°C), suggesting that energy expenditure in the luteal phase is enhanced through the mechanism, dependent and independent of luteal-phase rise in body temperature presumably reflects other effects of the sex hormones.
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Progesterone has direct effects on energy expenditure through a progesterone-mediated increase in metabolic rate.
“progesterone has direct effects on energy expenditure through a progesterone-mediated increase in metabolic rate [71–73]”
From International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete (2023) · cites this paper as [71]
The Discussion proposes that ovarian hormones, probably progesterone, stimulate energy expenditure independently of the luteal-phase rise in body temperature. It calls this a plausible causal relation, however, rather than establishing a direct progesterone-mediated increase in metabolic rate. (LLM, conf=0.86)
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International society of sports nutrition position stand: nutritional concerns of the female athlete
Sims, S. T., Kerksick, C. M., Smith-Ryan, A. E., Janse de Jonge, X. A. K., Hirsch, K. R., Arent, S. M., Hewlings, S. J., Kleiner, S. M., Bustillo, E., Tartar, J. L., et al. (2023) · Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition · doi:10.1080/15502783.2023.2204066 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
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Zhang, S., Takano, J., Murayama, N., Tominaga, M., Abe, T., Park, I., Seol, J., Ishihara, A., Tanaka, Y., Yajima, K., et al. (2020) · Nutrients · doi:10.3390/nu12123671 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citation
- Authors
- Zhang, S., Osumi, H., Uchizawa, A., Hamada, H., Park, I., Suzuki, Y., Tanaka, Y., Ishihara, A., Yajima, K., Seol, J., Satoh, M., Omi, N., & Tokuyama, K.
- Affiliations
- University of Tsukuba (JP)
- Josai University (JP)
- Corresponding author
- Tokuyama, Kumpei
- ORCID
- Venue
- Physiological Reports
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2020-01
- Volume
- 8
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- e14353-e14353
- ISSN
- 2051-817X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC6981303
- OpenAlex
- W3000790550
- Cited by
- 49
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 5
- FWCI
- 3.85
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Physiological Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Terrestrial Environment Research Center (University of Tsukuba) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Fuji Medical Science Co.
- Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (16H01877, 16H03254, 18K17919)
- Kao Research Council for the Study of Healthcare Science
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine › Thermal Regulation in Medicine
- Keywords
- menstrual cycle, luteal phase, follicular phase, sleep energy expenditure, thermoregulation, core body temperature, basal body temperature, skin temperature gradient, heat dissipation, Q10, sex hormones, ovulation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Body Temperature Regulation, Energy Metabolism, Female, Humans, Menstrual Cycle, Sleep
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