Cited by 530Groundwater and Isotope GeochemistryKarst Systems and HydrogeologyIsotope Analysis in Ecology

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Fundamentals of Isotope Geochemistry

Kendall, Carol, Caldwell, Eric A.·1998·Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology

DOI 10.1016/b978-0-444-81546-0.50009-4

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Compilation of stable isotope fractionation factors of geochemical interest
Friedman, I., & O'Neil, J. R. (1977) · Professional Paper · doi:10.3133/pp440kk · Cited by 2,691
Hydrogeological processes and chemical reactions at a landfill
Baedecker, M. J., & Back, W. (1979) · Groundwater · doi:10.1111/j.1745-6584.1979.tb03338.x · Cited by 209

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“The convention for hydrogen is identical, with D (2H) taking the place of 18O and H (1H) taking the place of 16O (for reviews, see Kendall & Caldwell, 1998 and Clark & Fritz, 1997).”
Method
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“1993; Clark and Fritz 1997; Kendall and Caldwell 1998; Gat 2010) and differ temporally and spatially (Dansgaard 1964; Jouzel et al.”
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“8); (2) the linear correlation between δ15N-N2O and 1/[N2O] indicates that the estuarine water N2O pool was affected by mixing rather than fractionating processes (i.e., pelagic nitrification) (Kendall and Caldwell 1998) (Fig.”
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“…surface and terrestrial waters is mainly in ﬂ uenced by temperature and evaporation processes that occur on an annual basis (Clark and Fritz, 1997; Kendall and Caldwell, 1998) and the variations in temperate climate zones are minor, compared to arid regions. δ 18 O and δ 2 H variations in…”
Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Oxygen Isotope Ratios of Animal- and Plant-Based Organic Fertilizers Used in South Korea.
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“The dual-isotopic compositions of nitrate and sulfate have been used in numerous studies to differentiate fertilizer-derived nitrate and sulfate in soils and aqueous systems from other anthropogenic and natural S- and N-bearing compounds (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998).”
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“Research related to the transformation of chlorinated solvents has focused on documenting isotopic fractionation—the change in the relative proportions of different isotopes of the same element in various compounds as a result of physical, chemical, and biological processes or reactions (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998)—as…”
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13C/12C Signatures in Plants and Algae
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“The latter are labelled as conservative tracers because they are relatively conservative in reactions with catchment materials and retain their distinctive values until they mix with other water sources or they evaporate (Kendall and McDonnell, 1998).”
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“One type of isotope fractionation described by Rayleigh equations entails three conditions: i) the material is continuously removed from a reservoir (substrate), ii) the isotope fractionation associated with the removal of material is described by the isotope fractionation factor α, and iii) the isotope fractionation…”
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“…Merlivat & Jouzel, 1979; Noone, 2012), whereby some of the liquid water (raindrops) formed during the adiabatic cooling is removed immediately from the system by precipitation and the remaining liquid water remains in isotopic equilibrium with the vapor in the system (Kendall & Caldwell, 1998).”
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“Stable isotope contents are expressed in per-mil units relative to VPDB (Vienna Pee Dee Belemnite) and are presented in Table 1 (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998).”
Method
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“The mass of an element (the sum of Z1Nn) is the superscripted number to the left of the element designation (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998).”
Background
Carbon and hydrogen isotopic variations of natural gases in the southeast Columbus basin offshore southeastern Trinidad, West Indies - clues to origin and maturity
Norville, G., & Dawe, R. (2007) · doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.05.004 · Cited by 11
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“reciprocal of α (α*= 1/α) must be used (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998).”
Background
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“…and lake water of d18O and d2H is defined as: ad18OðChironomus spp: waterÞ ¼ RChironomus spp: Rwater ¼ d 18OChironomus spp: þ 1000 d18Owater þ 1000 ð1Þ ad2HðChironomus spp: waterÞ ¼ RChironomus spp: Rwater ¼ d 2HChironomus spp: þ 1000 d2Hwater þ 1000 ð2Þ (Kendall and Caldwell 1998) respectively.”
Joint isotopic mass balance: a novel approach to quantifying channel bed to channel margins sediment transfer during storm events
Underwood, J., Renshaw, C., Magilligan, F., Dade, W., & Landis, J. (2014) · doi:10.1002/esp.3734 · Cited by 10
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“smaller slope than the global meteoric water line (GMWL) and local meteoric water line (LWML) (Kendall and Caldwell 1999).”
BackgroundResultInfluential
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Xie, C., Zhao, L.-J., Liu, H., Zhao, H., Ma, K., Wang, N.-L., Qin, Y., Li, X., & Qi, X. (2025) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.133013 · Cited by 9
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Baják, P., Hegedűs-Csondor, K., Tiljander, M., Korkka-Niemi, K., Surbeck, H., Izsák, B., Vargha, M., Horváth, Á., Pándics, T., & Erőss, A. (2022) · Water · doi:10.3390/w14060951 · Cited by 9
“, the relative difference in isotope ratios of the sample and the standard defined by Equation (3) below [54]: δ = [(Rsamples − Rstandard)/(Rstandard)] × 1000, (3)”
Background
Distinguishing active and legacy source contributions to stream water quality: Comparative quantification for chloride and metals
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“…transport and mass transfer processes may also affect conservative tracers like chloride (Bastviken et al., 2006; Bastviken et al., 2007; Grimaldi et al., 2009; Jobbagy & Jackson, 2007), and tracers considered as ideal, like stable water isotopes (Kendall & Caldwell, 1998; Kirchner et al., 2010).”
Background
Combined use of stable isotopes and hydrochemical characteristics to determine streamflow sources in the Jonkershoek catchment, South Africa
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“Environmental tracers, such as the stable isotopes of water oxygen ((18)O) and hydrogen ((2)H) in conjunction with other hydrochemical properties such as major ions, dissolved silica, and electrical conductivity (EC) can offer more insights about catchment runoff processes than hydrometric data alone [15].”
Background
Estimation of source water to cedar elm in a central Texas riparian ecosystem
Muttiah, R., White, J., Duke, J. R., & Allen, P. M. (2005) · doi:10.1002/hyp.5545 · Cited by 9
“Using a slope range of 4–7 as an indicator of average RH between 0 and 95% (Kendall and McDonnell, 1998), the South Bend site was estimated to be forced by an average RH of 56%.”
Background
Tracer studies of river-groundwater interaction under hydropeaking conditions
Fette, M. (2005) · doi:10.3929/ethz-a-005023790 · Cited by 9
“It does not intersect the composition of the ocean, the source of most of the water vapour that produces rain, because of the ~ 10 ‰ kinetic enrichment in 2H of vapour evaporating from the ocean at an average humidity of 85 % (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998).”
Background
Contemporary and relic waters strongly decoupled in arid alpine environments
Moran, B., Boutt, D. F., Munk, L., & Fisher, J. (2024) · PLOS Water · doi:10.1371/journal.pwat.0000191 · Cited by 9
“Data are reported in tritium units (TU) on the date of sampling, where one TU is equivalent to one tritium atom per 10 18 hydrogen atoms ( 3 H/H*10 18 ) (Kendall & Caldwell, 1998).”
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“However, the isotopes are affected by mass-dependent fractionation, which manifests as differences in physical and chemical properties based on the mass differences (Kendall and Caldwell 1998).”
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“Indeed, diffusion can preferentially mobilize light Cu isotopes (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998) and has previously been invoked to explain Cu isotope fractionation in plant compartments (Jouvin et al. , 2012).”
Influential
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“These isotopes are relatively conservative in contrast with the physicochemical quality of water (Kendall and Caldwell 1998).”
Background
Assessment of pollution risk ascribed to Santa Margarida Military Camp activities (Portugal)
Matias, M., Marques, J. M., Figueiredo, P., Basto, M. J., Abreu, M. M., Carreira, P., Ribeiro, C., Flambó, A., Feliciano, J., & Vicente, E. M. (2009) · doi:10.1007/s00254-008-1222-3 · Cited by 8
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Importance of suspended sediments and dissolved organic carbon to carbon exports in karst – The Vadu Crişului karst basin in the Pădurea Craiului Mountains, Romania
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Temporal and spatial variability of chemical and isotopic composition of soil solutions from cambisols - field study and experiments.
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“However, in all three cambisols, the spring solutions can be clearly distinguished from autumn solutions (temperature effect; Kendall and Caldwell, 1998).”
BackgroundInfluential
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“However, the initial tritium concentration can be considered as 10 TU and the actual 3H value is calculated by the decay equation as below (Kendall and Caldwell 2006): A1 ¼ A0:e−λt where A0: initial tritium concentration (10 TU), A1: modern tritium concentration, λ: tritium’s half-life (0.056…”
MethodInfluential
Hydrochemical and Isotopic Characterization of Groundwater in the Nakivale Sub-Catchment of the Transboundary Lake Victoria Basin, Uganda
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“The shift of the D-parameter line from the GMWL provided insights into the moisture sources for precipitation received within the study area [51,52].”
The marine methane cycle in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago during summer.
D'Angelo, A., Garcia, C., Kerringan, Z., Strock, J., Crable, F., VanKeersbilck, N., Raziuddin, H., Ewa, T., Umar, S., King, A. L., et al. (2024) · Polar Science · doi:10.1016/j.polar.2024.101128 · Cited by 6
“…using a Rayleigh distillation model with initial concentration and isotope ratio corresponding to an approximate hypothetical initial condition of δ 13 CH 4 = -63 and [CH 4 ] = 15 nM, as well as a kinetic isotope fractionation factor of 1.025 (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998; Fenwick et al., 2017).”
MethodInfluential
Partitioning evapotranspiration of winter wheat based on oxygen isotope approach under different irrigation regimes
Celik, S. K., Madenoğlu, S., & Türker, U. (2022) · Irrigation and Drainage · doi:10.1002/ird.2701 · Cited by 6
“Fractionation is the process of changing ratios of heavy to light isotopes either through evaporation or condensation (Clark & Fritz, 2013; Gat & Gonfiantini, 1981; Kendall & Caldwell, 1998).”
Background
Site-specific peak intensity ratio (SPIR) from 1D 2H/1H NMR spectra for rapid distinction between natural and synthetic nicotine and detection of possible adulteration
Liu, B., Chen, Y.-L., Ma, X., & Hu, K. (2019) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-019-02023-6 · Cited by 6
Heat budget contribute rate in the Three Gorges Reservoir tributary bay between mainstream and tributary using stable isotope analysis
Cheng, Y., Wang, Y.-C., Zhou, H.-D., Hu, M.-M., Jiang, R., Bao, Y.-F., & Dang, C.-H. (2019) · doi:10.2166/ws.2018.101 · Cited by 6
Seasonal and Flood‐Induced Variations in Groundwater–Surface Water Exchange in a Northern Coldwater Fishery
Jasperson, J. L., Gran, K., & Magner, J. (2018) · JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association · doi:10.1111/1752-1688.12674 · Cited by 6
Using Beads and Divided Containers To Study Kinetic and Equilibrium Isotope Effects in the Laboratory and in the Classroom
Campbell, D., Brewer, E., Martínez, K. A., & Fitzjarrald, T. J. (2017) · doi:10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b01004 · Cited by 6
Tales of mystery and imagination in stable isotope geochemistry: celebrating the 75th birthday of Jochen Hoefs
Böttcher, M., Fiebig, J., & Strauss, H. (2016) · Isotopes in environmental and health studies · doi:10.1080/10256016.2015.1114934 · Cited by 6
“Then you will find stable isotope data very beneficial’[7].”
Background
Forensic differentiation of diesel fuels using hydrocarbon isotope fingerprints
Muhammad, S. A., Frew, R., & Hayman, A. (2013) · doi:10.1556/ceugeol.56.2013.1.3 · Cited by 6
Comparison of sample preparation methods for stable isotope analysis of dissolved sulphate in forested watersheds
Kang, P.-G., Mayer, B., & Mitchell, M. (2012) · Isotopes in environmental and health studies · doi:10.1080/10256016.2012.667810 · Cited by 6
“It also eliminates the inconvenience of transporting large volumes of water to the laboratory for sample preparation and analysis [24].”
Background
Evaluation of Karst Aquifer Water Quality Associated with Agricultural Land Use
Florea, L. (2019) · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-77368-1_6 · Cited by 6
Quality characteristics of ground water in the Ozark aquifer of northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma, 2006-07
Pope, L. M., Mehl, H. E., & Coiner, R. L. (2009) · Scientific investigations report · doi:10.3133/sir20095093 · Cited by 6
“For example, a δ 18O value of -7.0 permil means that there are 7 parts per thousand or 0.7 percent less 18O in the sample relative to the standard (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998).”
BackgroundInfluential
Evaporative effects on day-to-day precipitation isotope variability in East Asia
Adachi, I., & Yamanaka, T. (2025) · Progress in Earth and Planetary Science · doi:10.1186/s40645-025-00744-0 · Cited by 5
“Stable isotopes in precipitation serve as a powerful tool for tracking terrestrial water cycles and various material transfers (Kendall and Caldwell 1998; Bowen et al. 2005).”
Spring tropical cyclones modulate near-surface isotopic compositions of atmospheric water vapour in Kathmandu, Nepal
Adhikari, N., Gao, J., Zhao, A.-B., Xu, T., Chen, M., Niu, X.-W., & Yao, T.-D. (2024) · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics · doi:10.5194/acp-24-3279-2024 · Cited by 5
“…water vapour is reported as parts per thousand (‰) relative to VSMOW using where δ * represents either δD v or δ 18 O v , and R A and R S denote the ratios of heavy to light isotopes ( 18 O/ 16 O or D/H) in the sample and standard, respectively (Kendall & Caldwell, 1998; Yoshimura, 2015).”
Background
Dolomite cements in Cenomanian continental sand deposits: Time evolution and significance (Zoovch Ovoo U-deposit, East Gobi Basin, Mongolia)
Rallakis, D., Michels, R., Brouand, M., Parize, O., & Cathelineau, ‪. (2020) · Sedimentary Geology · doi:10.1016/j.sedgeo.2020.105688 · Cited by 7
Fractional-Isotopic Composition of Lead Compounds in Soils of the Kologrivskii Forest Reserve
Ladonin, D. (2018) · Eurasian Soil Science · doi:10.1134/s1064229318080069 · Cited by 5
Consensus on Intermediate Scale Salt Field Test Design
Kuhlman, K., Mills, M., & Matteo, E. (2017) · doi:10.2172/1365470 · Cited by 5
“Evaporation into air with RH above 95% results in essentially no fractionation (Kendall & Caldwell 1998).”
Background
Flow dynamics of groundwater and soil water in the former heap Gessenhalde at the uranium mining area of Ronneburg: a stable isotope approach
Lonschinski, M., Knöller, K., Merten, D., & Büchel, G. (2011) · doi:10.1002/hyp.7872 · Cited by 5
Stable isotopic characterization and estimation of canal recharge to the groundwater in a part of the Ganga Plain, North India
Rai, D., Saini, R., Kumar, S., Arya, S., Noble, J., & Singh, D. (2025) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2025.132962 · Cited by 5
Isotopic (δ18O and δ2H) Integrity of Water Samples Collected and Stored by Automatic Samplers
Williams, M. R., Lartey, J. L., & Sanders, L. L. (2018) · doi:10.2134/ael2018.02.0009 · Cited by 5
“Collection of water samples for analysis of d18O and d2H is relatively easy compared with other solutes, such as nutrients and pesticides, which are often measured as part of routine monitoring programs (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998).”
Background
Novel approaches for quantifying source zone natural attenuation of fossil and alternative fuels
Sihota, N. (2014) · doi:10.14288/1.0166025 · Cited by 5
“carbonate minerals, δ(13)C ~ 0 to –5 ‰, Aelion, 2010) and preferential microbial metabolism of the lighter isotope (due to lower energy costs associated with breaking intra-molecular bonds (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998)).”
Background
Use of Stable and Radioactive Isotopes and Gaseous Tracers for Estimating Groundwater Recharge, Time of Residence, Mixing of the Different Types of Groundwater and Origin in the Silao Romita Aquifer, Guanajuato, Central Mexico
Horst, A. (2006) · doi:10.23689/fidgeo-882 · Cited by 5
Ground-water hydrology and water quality of the southern high plains aquifer, Melrose Air Force Range, Cannon Air Force Base, Curry and Roosevelt Counties, New Mexico, 2002-03
Langman, J., Gebhardt, F. E., & Falk, S. E. (2004) · doi:10.3133/sir20045158 · Cited by 5
“Dissolved-gas concentrations in ground water can change according to gas inputs from atmospheric and chemical sources and reduction/oxidation conditions ( Plummer and Busenberg, 2000 ).”
Background
Thermofluid simulation of hydrogen isotopologue mixtures during the solidification process
Zhang, J.-Q., Iwamoto, A., Shigemori, K., Hara, M., & Yamanoi, K. (2025) · Fusion engineering and design · doi:10.1016/j.fusengdes.2025.114827 · Cited by 4
Stable isotope characteristics of precipitation in Malaysia: establishment of local meteoric water line
Mostapa, R., Samuding, K., Shah, Z. A., & Khan, M. M. A. (2024) · Theoretical and Applied Climatology · doi:10.1007/s00704-024-05054-x · Cited by 4
“…which is especially true of hydrogen (protium, deuterium, and tritium) and oxygen (oxygen–16, oxygen–17, and oxygen–18) isotopes in water, where the meteoric waters retain their distinctive isotopic fingerprint until they mix with waters with different compositions (Kendall and Caldwell 1998).”
A seasonal precipitation isoscape for New Zealand
Dudley, B. D., Hill, A. F., & McKenzie, A. (2024) · Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ejrh.2024.101711 · Cited by 4
Carbon isotope effects in the sorption of chlorinated ethenes on biochar and activated carbon
Leitner, S., Sobanski, F., Soja, G., Keiblinger, K. M., Stumpp, C., & Watzinger, A. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e20823 · Cited by 4
“Isotope effects are most apparent at low residual fractions of a compound in the solvent [19], high loading of the adsorbent (decrease in adsorption enthalpy with increasing loading of the adsorbent) [25], and an ideal pore size distribution of the sorbent material in regards of the adsorbate…”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
Sediment degradation experiments for a low gradient stream suggest the watershed’s connectivity regime exhibits control on stream biogeochemistry
Riddle, B., Fox, J., Wang, Y.-T., Ford, B., Mahoney, T., Pollock, E., Backus, J., & Aamery, N. A. (2023) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.129174 · Cited by 4
Decoding of Groundwater Recharge in Deep Aquifers of Foreland Basins Using Stable Isotopes (Δ18o and Δd) And Anion-Cation Analysis: A Case Study in the Southern Llanos Basin, Colombia
Gómez-Moncada, R. A., Mora, A., Jaramillo, M., Mayorga, H., Martinez, A. A., Parra, M., Suárez, D., Sandoval, J., Sandoval, J., Caballero, V., et al. (2022) · Social Science Research Network · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4093802 · Cited by 4
Influence of Chemoautotrophic Organic Carbon on Sediment and Its Infauna in the Vicinity of the Rainbow Vent Field
Roohi, R., Hoogenboom, R., van Bommel, R., van der Meer, M. V. D., Mienis, F., & Gollner, S. (2022) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2022.732740 · Cited by 4
Late Quaternary sedimentation dynamics in the Beenchime-Salaatinsky Crater, Northern Yakutia
Schwamborn, G., Manthey, C., Diekmann, B., Raschke, U., Zhuravlev, A., Prokopiev, A., & Schirrmeister, L. (2020) · Arktos · doi:10.1007/s41063-020-00077-w · Cited by 4
Biocorrosion detection by sulphur isotopic fractionation measurements
Grousset, S., Urios, L., Mostefaoui, S., Dauzères, A., Crusset, D., Deydier, V., Linard, Y., Dillmann, P., Mercier-Bion, F., & Neff, D. (2020) · doi:10.1016/j.corsci.2019.108386 · Cited by 4
Water stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O) in the Peninsula of Yucatan, Mexico.
Cejudo, E., Acosta-González, G., Leal-Bautista, R., & Estrada-Medina, H. (2020) · doi:10.17632/wnz7my6y5r.1 · Cited by 4
“composition of a compound is defined by that variation in the number of neutrons of each element, which imparts a slightly different atomic weight (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998).”
Background
Impacts of deep groundwater monitoring wells on the management of deep geothermal Pre-Neogene aquifers in the Mura-Zala Basin, Northeastern Slovenia.
Božiček, B., Lojen, S., Dolenec, M., & Vižintin, G. (2017) · doi:10.1016/j.gsd.2017.07.001 · Cited by 4
Hydrogeology and Water Quality of the Floridan Aquifer System and Effect of Lower Floridan Aquifer Pumping on the Upper Floridan Aquifer, Pooler, Chatham County, Georgia, 2011? 2012
Gonthier, G. (2014) · doi:10.3133/sir20125249 · Cited by 4
A geochemical investigation of hydrologically derived threats to rare biota: the Drummond Nature Reserve, Western Australia
Forbes, M., & Vogwill, R. (2012) · Hydrogeology Journal · doi:10.1007/s10040-011-0780-8 · Cited by 4
“This is a perplexing situation given that evaporation is preferential towards 18O enrichment compared to 2H, even at 100% humidity (Kendall and Caldwell 1998).”
Background
Spatiotemporal Drivers of CO2 Dynamics and Evasion Fluxes from Mountain Streams
Horgby, Å. (2019) · doi:10.5075/epfl-thesis-7583 · Cited by 4
Stable Isotope Geochemistry of Geofluids
Hurai, V., Huraiová, M., Slobodník, M., & Thomas, R. (2015) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803241-1.00009-5 · Cited by 4
Evidence for a CO2 ‐concentrating mechanism in the model streptophyte green alga Chara braunii
Heise, C. M., Heß, D. A., Walke, P., Voss, M., Schubert, H., Hess, W., & Hagemann, M. (2025) · New Phytologist · doi:10.1111/nph.70283 · Cited by 3
How does advection contribution to precipitation in Eastern China behave during different types and phases of ENSO events? Using a stable isotope approach
Peng, P., Xu, D., Zhang, Y., Shi, X., Zhou, S.-L., Zhang, S., Chen, J., Yang, Y., & Yang, W.-Y. (2025) · Global and Planetary Change · doi:10.1016/j.gloplacha.2025.104907 · Cited by 3
Subsurface mixing of different soil water pools in a permafrost-underlain headwater catchment, Qilian Mountains, Northeastern Tibetan Plateau
Xiao, X., Wu, H.-W., Zhang, F., Zhang, C.-C., Yu, Z., Wang, G., & Qaiser, F.-U.-R. (2024) · Journal of Hydrology · doi:10.1016/j.jhydrol.2023.130478 · Cited by 3
Comparison of water use efficiency of sand-binding species along revegetation chronosequence in an alpine desert
Li, Y., Tian, L.-H., Zhou, H., Wang, H., He, X., Jin, Y., & Zhang, H.-S. (2023) · Ecological Indicators · doi:10.1016/j.ecolind.2023.110475 · Cited by 3
Management of aquifer and dam reservoir quantitative-qualitative interaction
Mousavizadeh, S. R., Moeini, R., & Shanehsazzadeh, A. (2023) · Agricultural Water Management · doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2022.108116 · Cited by 3
Seasonal and Longitudinal Variations in Suspended Load Connectivity Between River Channels and Their Margins
Renshaw, C., Dethier, E., Landis, J., & Kaste, J. (2022) · Water Resources Research · doi:10.1029/2021wr031212 · Cited by 3
“𝐴𝐴 The 𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 indicates the isotopic ratio, in parts per thousand, of hydrogen's two stable isotopes in water with respect to a reference standard (Vien-na-Standard Mean Ocean Water, Kendall & Caldwell, 1998).”
Background
Early and middle devonian phosphogenesis in northern Gondwana (Parnaíba basin, Brazil): Petrographic, geochemical and isotopic evidence for phosphorus cycling
Abram, M. B., Porto, C. G., & Holz, M. (2021) · Journal of South American Earth Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jsames.2020.103137 · Cited by 3
The Challenges of Dealing with Nitrogen Pollutants in Groundwater
Zarama-Alvarado, S. (2018) · Revista Científica · doi:10.14483/23448350.13545 · Cited by 5
“pendent isotope fractionation effect (Kendall and Caldwell, 1998).”
Background
Quantifizierungen von Grundwassereintritten in städtische Abwassersysteme mittels stabiler Isotope
Penckwitt, J., van Geldern, R., Hagspiel, B., Packebusch, B., Mahr, A., Burkhardt, K., & Barth, J. A. C. (2016) · Grundwasser · doi:10.1007/s00767-015-0310-z · Cited by 3
“…einer Massenbilanz wird beim Einsatz hoch angereicherter Isotopenmarkierungen statt des δ-Werts das Isotopenhäufigkeitsverhältnis F verwendet (Kendall & Caldwell 1998; Hayes 2004): Für die Mischung (Mix) von entsprechenden Volumina V des Deuteriumoxids (Label) und des Wassers (W) mit den…”
BackgroundInfluential

Authors: Kendall, C., & Caldwell, E. A.
ORCID: Kendall, Carol
Venue: Isotope Tracers in Catchment Hydrology
Publisher: Elsevier
Published: 1998
Pages: 51-86
DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-81546-0.50009-4
OpenAlex: W102513760
Cited by: 530
References: 0
Citations by year: 2026: 24 · 2025: 21 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 39 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 44 · 2017: 19 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 26 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 6.50
Type: book chapter
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Elsevier eBooks (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Geochemistry and Petrology › Groundwater and Isotope Geochemistry
Physical Sciences › Earth and Planetary Sciences › Earth-Surface Processes › Karst Systems and Hydrogeology
Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Ecology › Isotope Analysis in Ecology
Keywords: environmental isotopes, stable water isotopes, catchment hydrology, mixing models, water source tracing, residence time, hydrogeochemistry

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