Cited by 100Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsWastewater Treatment and Nitrogen RemovalMicrobial metabolism and enzyme function

Nitrous Oxide Metabolism in Nitrate-Reducing Bacteria

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María J. Torres, Jörg Simon, Gary Rowley, Eulogio J. Bedmar, David J. Richardson, Andrew James Gates, Marı́a J. Delgado·2016·Advances in Microbial Physiology

Abstract

Nitrous oxide (N2O) is an important greenhouse gas (GHG) with substantial global warming potential and also contributes to ozone depletion through photochemical nitric oxide (NO) production in the stratosphere. The negative effects of N2O on climate and stratospheric ozone make N2O mitigation an international challenge. More than 60% of global N2O emissions are emitted from agricultural soils mainly due to the application of synthetic nitrogen-containing fertilizers. Thus, mitigation strategies must be developed which increase (or at least do not negatively impact) on agricultural efficiency whilst decrease the levels of N2O released. This aim is particularly important in the context of the ever expanding population and subsequent increased burden on the food chain. More than two-thirds of N2O emissions from soils can be attributed to bacterial and fungal denitrification and nitrification processes. In ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, N2O is formed through the oxidation of hydroxylamine to nitrite. In denitrifiers, nitrate is reduced to N2 via nitrite, NO and N2O production. In addition to denitrification, respiratory nitrate ammonification (also termed dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium) is another important nitrate-reducing mechanism in soil, responsible for the loss of nitrate and production of N2O from reduction of NO that is formed as a by-product of the reduction process. This review will synthesize our current understanding of the environmental, regulatory and biochemical control of N2O emissions by nitrate-reducing bacteria and point to new solutions for agricultural GHG mitigation.

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  1. Bedmar, E. J., Bueno, E., Correa, D., Torres, M. J., Delgado, M. J., & Mesa, S. (2013). Ecology of denitrification in soils and plant-associated. In B. Rodelas & J. Gonzalez-López (Eds.), Beneficial Plant-microbial Interactions: Ecology and Applications (pp. 164-182).
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Authors
Torres, M. J., Simon, J., Rowley, G., Bedmar, E. J., Richardson, D. J., Gates, A. J., & Delgado, M. J.
Affiliations
  • Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ES)
  • Technische Universität Darmstadt (DE)
  • University of East Anglia (GB)
Corresponding author
Marı́a J. Delgado
Venue
Advances in Microbial Physiology
Publisher
Elsevier
Published
2016
Volume
68
Pages
353-432
ISSN
0065-2911 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2467719220
Cited by
100
References
313
Citations by year
2026: 7 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 10 · 2016: 1
FWCI
15.97
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Advances in microbial physiology/Advances in Microbial Physiology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (acceptedVersion)
  • UEA Digital Repository (University of East Anglia) (submittedVersion)
  • Universidad de Córdoba Insitutional Repository (Universidad de Córdoba) (submittedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
Funders
  • European Regional Development Fund (AGL2013-45087-R)
  • Junta de Andalucía (BIO275)
  • Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BB/H012796/1, BB/L022796/1, BB/M00256X/1)
  • Royal Society (IE140222)
  • Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (PE2012-AGR1968)
  • Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Microbial metabolism and enzyme function
Keywords
nitrous oxide, nitrate-reducing bacteria, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, agricultural soils, denitrification, dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium, ammonia-oxidizing bacteria, hydroxylamine oxidation, nitric oxide, nitrate ammonification, nitrogen fertilization, stratospheric ozone depletion
MeSH terms
Ammonia, Bacteria, Fertilizers, Nitrates, Nitrous Oxide, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidoreductases, Soil, Hydroxylamine, Environmental Restoration and Remediation, Global Warming, Denitrification, Nitrification

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