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Cited by 20RNA Research and SplicingProtein Structure and DynamicsRNA and protein synthesis mechanisms

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Enzymatic control over coacervation

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Karina K. Nakashima, Alain A.M. André, Evan Spruijt·2021·Methods in Enzymology
DOI 10.1016/bs.mie.2020.06.007
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Abstract

The discovery of membraneless organelles (MLOs) formed by liquid-liquid phase separation raised many questions about the spatial organization of biomolecular processes in cells, but also offered a new tool to mimic cellular media. Since disordered and charged protein domains are often necessary for phase separation, coacervates can be used as models both to understand MLO regulation and to develop dynamic cellular-like compartments. A versatile way to turn passive coacervate droplets into active and dynamic compartments is by introducing enzymatic reactions that affect parameters relevant for complex coacervation, such as the charge and length of the components. However, these reactions strictly take place in a heterogeneous medium, and the complexity thereof is hardly addressed, making it difficult to achieve true control. In this chapter we help close this gap by describing two coacervate systems in which enzymatic reactions endow coacervate droplets with a dynamic character. We further highlight the technical challenges posed by the two-phase systems and strategies to overcome them.

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Metadata

Authors
Nakashima, K. K., André, A. A. M., & Spruijt, E.
Affiliations
Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Corresponding author
Evan Spruijt
ORCID
Venue
Methods in Enzymology
Publisher
Elsevier
Published
2021
Volume
646
Pages
353-389
ISSN
0076-6879 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/bs.mie.2020.06.007
OpenAlex
W3044057848
Cited by
20
References
2
Citations by year
2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2
FWCI
4.05
Type
book chapter
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Methods in enzymology on CD-ROM/Methods in enzymology (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Funders
Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA Research and Splicing
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Protein Structure and Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms
Keywords
coacervation, biomolecular condensates, liquid-liquid phase separation, coacervate droplets, protein charge, protein length, two-phase systems
MeSH terms
Organelles

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