Dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction followed by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection as an efficient and sensitive technique for determination of antioxidants
Abstract
Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) and high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) was presented for extraction and determination of Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076 and Irgafos 168 (antioxidants) in aqueous samples. Carbon tetrachloride at microliter volume level and acetonitrile were used as extraction and dispersive solvents, respectively. The main advantages of method are high speed, high enrichment factor, high recovery, good repeatability and extraction solvent volume at microL level. Limit of detection for analytes is between 3 and 7 ng mL(-1). One variable at a time optimization and response surface modeling were used to obtain optimum conditions for microextraction procedure and nearly same experimental conditions were obtained using both optimization methods. Recoveries in the ranges 78-86% and 84-110% were obtained by one variable at a time and response surface modeling, respectively. Using tap water and packed water as matrices do not show any detrimental effect on the extraction recoveries and enrichment factors of analytes.
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In comparison of sample-preparation techniques for antioxidants, LLE provided lower enrichment factors and higher solvent consumption, whereas SPE gave higher enrichment factors but was also more time consuming.
“LLE provided lower enrichment factors and higher solvent consumption, whereas SPE gave higher enrichment factors but was also more time consuming.”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [84]
When SPE was compared with DLLME in terms of consumption of organic solvents, DLLME was better.
“When SPE was compared with DLLME in terms of consumption of organic solvents, it was clear that DLLME was better.”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [84]
Endocrine disrupters, antioxidants, PAHs and other organic compounds of different natures have been analyzed by DLLME, IL-DLLME and DLLME-SFO.
“Endocrine disrupters [10,18,57,59,80-83], antioxidants [62,84], PAHs [9,11,66,67,85,86] and other organic compounds of different natures [7,8,63, 87-104] have been analyzed by DLLME, IL-DLLME and DLLME-SFO.”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [84]
For DLLME of antioxidants, enrichment factors about 200 and recoveries of nearly 100% were attained.
“Enrichment factors about 200 and recoveries of nearly 100% were attained in this study.”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [84]
Efficient experimental design methodologies have also been carried out for extraction parameter optimization in some works in Table 4, but to a lesser extent.
“however, efficient experimental design methodologies have also been carried out, but to a lesser extent [10,62,63,84,90,97].”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [84]
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- Authors
- Farajzadeh, M. A., Bahram, M., & Jönsson, J. Å.
- Affiliations
- Urmia University (IR)
- Lund University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Jönsson, Jan Åke
- Venue
- Analytica Chimica Acta
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2007-05
- Volume
- 591
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 69-79
- ISSN
- 0003-2670 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2087026944
- Cited by
- 234
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 19 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 21
- FWCI
- 33.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Analytica Chimica Acta (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lund University Publications (Lund University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Keywords
- dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, antioxidants, Irganox 1010, Irganox 1076, Irgafos 168, HPLC-DAD, carbon tetrachloride, acetonitrile, response surface optimization, tap water, bottled water, aqueous sample
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