Cited by 178Analytical chemistry methods developmentAnalytical Chemistry and ChromatographyPesticide Residue Analysis and Safety

Solid-phase extraction combined with dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction-ultra preconcentration of chlorophenols in aqueous samples

Fattahi, Nazir, Samadi, Soheila, Assadi, Yaghoub, Hosseini, Mohammad Reza Milani·2007·Journal of Chromatography A

Abstract

The solid-phase extraction (SPE) joined with the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) has been developed as an ultra preconcentration technique for the determination of chlorophenols in water samples. Chlorophenols (CPs) were employed as model compounds to assess the extraction procedure and were determined by gas chromatography-electron-capture detection (GC-ECD). In solid-phase extraction-dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (SPE-DLLME), CPs were adsorbed from a large volume of aqueous samples (100 mL) into 100 mg functionalized styrene-divinylbenzene polymer (PPL) sorbent. After the elution of the desired compounds from the sorbent by using acetone, DLLME technique was performed on the obtained solution. Some important extraction parameters, such as sample solution flow rate, breakthrough volume, sample pH, type and volume of the elution solvent as well as the salt addition, were studied and optimized. The new method (SPE-DLLME) provided an ultra enrichment factor (4390-17,870) for 19 CPs. The calibration graphs were linear in the range of 0.001-20 microg L(-1) and the limits of detection (LODs) ranged from 0.0005 to 0.1 microg L(-1). The relative standard deviations (RSDs, for 10.0 microg L(-1) of MCPs, 5.00 microg L(-1) of DCPs, 0.200 microg L(-1) of TCPs, 0.100 microg L(-1) of TeCPs and PCP) with and without the internal standard varied from 1.1 to 6.4% (n=7) and 2.5-9.7% (n=7), respectively. The relative recoveries of the well, tap and river water sampl…

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.09.002

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  • Endocrine disrupters, antioxidants, PAHs and other organic compounds of different natures have been analyzed by DLLME, IL-DLLME and DLLME-SFO.

    “Endocrine disrupters [10,18,57,59,80-83], antioxidants [62,84], PAHs [9,11,66,67,85,86] and other organic compounds of different natures [7,8,63, 87-104] have been analyzed by DLLME, IL-DLLME and DLLME-SFO.”
  • In Fattahi et al. [57], extraction recoveries were 25-83%.

    “Extraction recoveries were 2583%.”
  • The combination of SPE and DLLME with GC-ECD in Fattahi et al. [57] provided better LODs than other methods proposed in the literature (using SPE-GC-ECD, SPME-GC-MS and LPME-GC-MS), including another similar work by the same authors in which only DLLME was applied to extract the same group of chlorophenols from waters [79].

    “This combination of SPE and DLLME with GC-ECD provided enrichment factors of 4390-17870 and better LODs than other methods proposed in the literature (using SPE-GC-ECD, SPME-GC-MS and LPME-GC-MS), including another similar work developed by the same authors in which only DLLME was applied to extract the same group of chlorophenols from waters [79].”
  • Fattahi et al. [57] analyzed 19 chlorophenols by GC-ECD in water samples, combining SPE (with Bond Elute PPL sorbent) and DLLME.

    “It is worth mentioning the work of Fattahi et al . [57], in which 19 chlorophenols were analyzed by GC-ECD in water samples, combining SPE (with Bond Elute PPL sorbent) and DLLME.”
  • The combination of SPE and DLLME with GC-ECD in Fattahi et al. [57] provided enrichment factors of 4390-17870.

    “This combination of SPE and DLLME with GC-ECD provided enrichment factors of 4390-17870”

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Authors
Fattahi, N., Samadi, S., Assadi, Y., & Hosseini, M. R. M.
Affiliations
Iran University of Science and Technology (IR)
Corresponding author
Assadi, Yaghoub
Venue
Journal of Chromatography A
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2007-10
Volume
1169
Issue
1-2
Pages
63-69
ISSN
0021-9673 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2087588327
Cited by
178
References
48
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 24 · 2013: 14 · 2012: 13
FWCI
17.35
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Locations
  • Journal of Chromatography A (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Iran University of Science and Technology
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
  • Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Spectroscopy › Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
  • Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
Keywords
chlorophenols, solid-phase extraction, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, water analysis, extraction optimization, electron capture detection
MeSH terms
Adsorption, Chlorophenols, Chromatography, Gas, Chemical Fractionation, Polystyrenes, Reference Standards, Sensitivity and Specificity, Specimen Handling, Spectrophotometry, Atomic, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Water Supply, Reproducibility of Results, Rivers, Solid Phase Extraction

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