Dispersive liquid‐liquid microextraction followed by gas chromatography–electron capture detection for determination of polychlorinated biphenyls in fish
Abstract
A new method of dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) combined with GC-electron capture detection (GC-ECD) was proposed for the extraction and determination of four polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) congeners in fish samples. Acetone was used as extraction solvent for the extraction of PCBs from fish samples. The target analytes in the acetone solvent were rapidly transferred to chlorobenzene, which was used as extraction solvent in DLLME procedures. Under the optimum conditions, linearity was obtained in the concentration range from 1.25 to 1250 microg/kg for PCB 52, and 0.25 to 250 microg/kg for PCB 101, 138 and 153. Coefficients of correlation (r2) ranged from 0.9993 to 0.9999. The repeatability was tested by spiking fish samples at 10 microg/kg PCBs, and RSD% (n = 8) varied between 2.2 and 8.4%. The LODs were between 0.12 and 0.35 microg/kg. The enrichment factors of PCBs were from 87 to 123. The relative recoveries of the four PCB congeners for the perch, pomfret and yellow-fin tuna at spiking levels of 10, 20 and 50 microg/kg were in the range of 81.20-100.6%, 85.00-102.7% and 87.80-108.4%, respectively. The results demonstrated that DLLME combined with GC-ECD was a simple, rapid, and efficient technique for the extraction and determination of PCBs in fish samples.
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The method of Hu et al. [59] allowed the analysis of PCBs in fish at trace levels with LODs in the range 0.12-0.35 μg/kg.
“The method allowed the analysis of PCBs in fish at trace levels with LODs in the range 0.12-0.35 l g/kg.”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [59]
Hu et al. [59] determined a group of PCBs in perch, pomfret and yellow-fin tuna.
“Hu et al. [59] determined a group of PCBs in perch, pomfret and yellow-fin tuna.”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [59]
Only on a few occasions were complex samples analyzed for PCBs/PBDEs, such as soils or aquatic organisms.
“From Table 3, it is clear that only on a few occasions were there analyses of complex samples {e.g., soils [60] or aquatic organisms in which bioaccumulation of these analytes may occur [59,61]}.”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [59]
So far, DLLME has been used for determination of PCBs by HPLC-UV and PBDEs by GC-ECD and GC-MS.
“So far, the technique has been used for the determination of PCBs by HPLC-UV [76-78] and PBDEs by GC-ECD [56,59,60,72] and GCMS [61].”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [59]
Chlorobenzene and tetrachloroethane were preferred as extractant solvents for PCBs/PBDEs, while acetonitrile and acetone were used as disperser solvents, except one case using tetrahydrofurane.
“Chlorobenzene [59-61,77] and tetrachloroethane [56,76,78] were preferred in all cases as extractant solvents (volumes less than 35 l L), while acetonitrile [56,76] and acetone [5961,77] were used as disperser solvent, except in one case in which tetrahydrofurane was used [78].”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [59]
Endocrine disrupters, antioxidants, PAHs and other organic compounds of different natures have been analyzed by DLLME, IL-DLLME and DLLME-SFO.
“Endocrine disrupters [10,18,57,59,80-83], antioxidants [62,84], PAHs [9,11,66,67,85,86] and other organic compounds of different natures [7,8,63, 87-104] have been analyzed by DLLME, IL-DLLME and DLLME-SFO.”
From Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction for determination of organic analytes (2010) · cites this paper as [59]
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Hu, J., Li, Y., Zhang, W., Wang, H., Huang, C., Zhang, M., & Wang, X.
- Affiliations
- Wenzhou Medical University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Wang, Xuedong
- Venue
- Journal of Separation Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 2103-2108
- ISSN
- 1615-9306 (ISSN-L)
- 1615-9314
- OpenAlex
- W2082282500
- Cited by
- 51
- References
- 27
- Citations by year
- 2024: 5 · 2022: 1 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.68
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Separation Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Wenzhou Medical College (XNK07003)
- Analyzing and Testing Foundation of Zhejiang Province (2008F70062)
- Initial Foundation of Wenzhou Medical College (QTJ08002)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Analytical chemistry methods development
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Pesticide Residue Analysis and Safety
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Keywords
- polychlorinated biphenyls, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction, gas chromatography with electron capture detection, fish contamination, PCB congeners, perch, pomfret, yellowfin tuna, acetone extraction, chlorobenzene, food safety
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chromatography, Gas, Fishes, Chemical Fractionation, Humans, Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Solvents, Water Pollutants, Chemical
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