Evidence-based milestones for surveillance of cognitive, language, and motor development

Sheldrick, R. Christopher; Perrin, Ellen C.

doi:10.1016/j.acap.2013.07.001

Cited by 117Child and Adolescent HealthInfant Development and Preterm CareDevelopmental and Educational Neuropsychology

Evidence-based milestones for surveillance of cognitive, language, and motor development

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Sheldrick, R. Christopher, Perrin, Ellen C.·2013·Academic Pediatrics

DOI 10.1016/j.acap.2013.07.001PMC PMC3993976

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Abstract

Objective Fewer than half of the nation's pediatricians conduct systematic surveillance of young children's development. Because time and cost are among the barriers, our objective was to create a brief set of parent-report questions about cognitive, motor, and language milestones that is freely available and can be administered and scored quickly.Methods A team of experts developed candidate items after reviewing existing instruments and prior research. We selected final items based on statistical fit to a graded item response model developed and replicated in separate samples enrolled from primary care settings (n = 469 and 308, respectively). We then developed a 10-item form for each visit on the pediatric periodicity schedule. Combining our initial samples with 395 families enrolled from referral clinics, we tested these forms' concurrent validity with respect to the ASQ-3 and parent reports of developmental diagnoses.Results A final set of 54 items displayed adequate fit to our statistical model regardless of race/ethnicity, education level, and child gender. Beginning at 4 months, scores on 10-item forms displayed consistent associations with the ASQ-3, and all but the 60-month form detected parents' reports of developmental delay with adequate sensitivity and specificity.Conclusions The Milestones is one element of the Survey of Well-being of Young Children (SWYC), a brief but comprehensive screening instrument for children under 5 years. The Milestones is a set of evidence-based items with individual normative data that are appropriate for pediatric surveillance. In addition, the scoring of 10-item Milestones forms may provide many advantages of a first level developmental screening instrument.

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Variability across surveillance resources, including the CDC's, can create confusion regarding what constitutes a concern and when developmental screening between recommended ages might be warranted.
“However, variability across surveillance resources, including the CDC’s, can create confusion regarding what constitutes a concern and when developmental screening between recommended ages might be warranted.3,4,38,76”
From Evidence-Informed Milestones for Developmental Surveillance Tools (2022) · cites this paper as [38]
The paper says CDC-recommended milestone checklists are used in surveillance and that an above-threshold Milestones score should prompt further investigation, potentially including a validated developmental screening instrument (Introduction and Discussion; page unavailable). It does not say that variability across surveillance resources creates confusion about what constitutes a concern or when screening between recommended ages is warranted. (LLM, conf=0.78)
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Authors: Sheldrick, R. C., & Perrin, E. C.
Affiliations: Tufts Medical Center (US)
ORCID: Sheldrick, R. Christopher
Perrin, Ellen C.
Venue: Academic Pediatrics
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2013-11
Volume: 13
Issue: 6
Pages: 577-586
ISSN: 1876-2859 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.acap.2013.07.001
PMC: PMC3993976
OpenAlex: W2116435785
Cited by: 117
References: 22
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 17 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 7 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 1
FWCI: 6.01
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Academic Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: Commonwealth Fund
Tufts Medical Center
National Institutes of Health
National Cancer Institute (KM1CA156726)
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (L40 HD077786)
Topics: Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Child and Adolescent Health
Health Sciences › Medicine › Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health › Infant Development and Preterm Care
Social Sciences › Psychology › Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology › Developmental and Educational Neuropsychology
Keywords: developmental milestones, child development monitoring, developmental screening, cognitive development, language development, motor development, ASQ-3, developmental delay, primary care, reference values
MeSH terms: Child, Child Development, Cognition, Humans, Language Development, Motor Skills, Pediatrics, Reference Values, Reproducibility of Results, Evidence-Based Medicine

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Evidence-based milestones for surveillance of cognitive, language, and motor development

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