Branched peptides integrate into self-assembled nanostructures and enhance biomechanics of peptidic hydrogels
Abstract
Self-assembling peptides (SAP) have drawn an increasing interest in the tissue engineering community. They display unquestionable biomimetic properties, tailorability and promising biocompatibility. However their use has been hampered by poor mechanical properties making them fragile soft scaffolds. To increase SAP hydrogel stiffness we introduced a novel strategy based on multiple ramifications of (LDLK)3, a well-known linear SAP, connected with one or multiple "lysine knots". Differently branched SAPs were tested by increasing the number of (LDLK)3-like branches and by adding the neuro-regenerative functional motif BMHP1 as a single branch. While pure branched peptides did not have appealing self-assembling propensity, when mixed with the corresponding linear SAP they increased the stiffness of the overall hydrogel of multiple times. Notably, optimal results (or peak) were obtained 1) at similar molar ratio (between linear and branched peptides) for all tested sequences and 2) for the branched SAPs featuring the highest number of branches made of (LDLK)3. The functional motif BMHP1, as expected, seemed not to contribute to the increase of the storage modulus as efficiently as (LDLK)3. Interestingly, branched SAPs improved the β-sheet self-arrangement of (LDLK)3 and allowed for the formation of assembled nanofibers. Indeed in coarse-grained molecular dynamics we showed they readily integrate in the assembled aggregates providing "molecular connections" among otherwise weakly paired β-structures. Lastly, branched SAPs did not affect the usual response of human neural stem cells cultured on (LDLK)3-like scaffolds in vitro. Hence, branched SAPs may be a valuable new tool to enhance mechanical properties of self-assembling peptide biomaterials harmlessly; as neither chemical nor enzymatic cross-linking reactions are involved. As a consequence, branched SAPs may enlarge the field of application of SAPs in tissue engineering and beyond.Statement of significance Self-assembling peptides stand at the forefront of regenerative medicine because they feature biomimetic nano-architectures that mimic the complexity of natural peptide-based extracellular matrices of living tissues. Their superior biocompatibility and ease of scale-up production are hampered by weak mechanical properties due to transient non-covalent interactions among and within the self-assembled peptide chains, thus limiting their potential applications. We introduced new branched self-assembling peptides to be used as "molecular connectors" among self-assembled nanostructures made of linear SAPs. Branched SAPs could be mixed with linear SAPs before self-assembling in order to have them intermingled with different β-sheets of linear SAPs after gelation. This strategy caused a manifold increase of the stiffness of the assembled hydrogels (proportional to the number of self-assembling branches), did not affect SAP propensity to form β-sheet but, instead, further stimulated their secondary structure rearrangements. It is now possible to modularly improve SAP scaffold mechanical properties without using harmful chemical reactions. Therefore, branched SAPs represent an additional tool to be adopted for efficient and harmless SAP scaffold customization in tissue engineering.
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In the HYDROSAP system, multi-functionalized and branched self-assembling peptides (SAPs) can generate hydrogels with controllable elastic moduli.
“In this system, multi-functionalized and branched self-assembling peptides (SAPs) can generate hydrogels with controllable elastic moduli197.”
From Towards organoid culture without Matrigel (2021) · cites this paper as [197]
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Pugliese, R., Arnoldi, A., & Lammi, C. (2021) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines9030294 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
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Peptide-based Nanomaterials: Self-assembly and Applications
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Pugliese, R., Bartolomei, M., Bollati, C., Boschin, G., Arnoldi, A., & Lammi, C. (2022) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines10020330 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationBioinspired photo-crosslinkable self-assembling peptides with pH-switchable “on–off” luminescence
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Nanomaterials, Neural Stem Cells, and The Path to Neural Tissue Engineering
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Novel self-assembling cyclic peptides with reversible supramolecular nanostructures
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Peptides with Soft‐Aggregation Behavior Inhibit and Reverse Amyloid‐β Fibrillization
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- Authors
- Pugliese, R., Fontana, F., Marchini, A., & Gelain, F.
- Affiliations
- Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Gelain, Fabrizio
- Venue
- Acta Biomaterialia
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-01
- Volume
- 66
- Pages
- 258-271
- ISSN
- 1742-7061 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2767457627
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 69
- Citations by year
- 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 14 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 10 · 2019: 5 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 1.67
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Acta Biomaterialia (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Italian Ministry of Health
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Supramolecular Self-Assembly in Materials
- Physical Sciences › Materials Science › Biomaterials › Silk-based biomaterials and applications
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Medicine › Hydrogels: synthesis, properties, applications
- Keywords
- self-assembling peptide hydrogel, hydrogel stiffness, nanofibers, storage modulus, neural stem cells, tissue engineering scaffolds, coarse-grained molecular dynamics, non-covalent interactions, extracellular matrix
- MeSH terms
- Amino Acid Sequence, Biomechanical Phenomena, Cell Differentiation, Cell Survival, Cells, Cultured, Humans, Peptides, Rheology, Protein Structure, Secondary, Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared, Hydrogels, Nanostructures, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Neural Stem Cells
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